Igneous and Metamorphic PetrologyIgneous and metamorphic petrology has over the last twenty years expanded rapidly into a broad, multifaceted and increasingly quantitative science. Advances in geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics, as well as the appearance of new analytical tools, have all contributed to new ways of thinking about the origin and evolution of magmas, and the processes driving metamorphism. This book is designed to give students a balanced and comprehensive coverage of these new advances, as well as a firm grounding in the classical aspects of igneous and metamorphic petrology. The emphasis throughout is on the processes controlling petrogenesis, but care is taken to present the important descriptive information so crucial to interpretation.
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Contents
Thermodynamics and Kinetics | |
Ma | |
Magma Ascent and Emplacement Field | |
Magma Extrusion Field Relations | |
Generation of Magma | |
Metamorphic Rocks and Metamorphism | |
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Common terms and phrases
alkali feldspar alkaline amphibole andesite anorthite aphanitic ascending atomic basalt magma biotite bubbles carbonatite chemical clinopyroxene commonly components composition concentrations continental crust contrast convection cooling country rock created crystalline dacite decompression density deposits diagram diapir diffusion dikes diopside Earth emplacement enriched equilibrium eruption explosive exsolved extrusions fabric felsic Figure fluid fractures free energy fugacity geologic glass gradient grains granite heat hydrous increasing intrusion isotopic kbar kinetic lamproites lava flows layers less liquid lithosphere mafic magma chamber magma system magmatic rocks mantle metamorphic metasomatism minerals modal MORB nucleation occur oceanic olivine partial melting peridotite petrologists phaneritic phase phenocrysts plagioclase plate plume pluton processes pyroclastic pyroxene quartz ratio reaction Redrawn relatively residual melt rhyolite rock-forming Section silicate melts silicic solid solutions solidus source rock stable stress subducting surface tectonic temperatures texture tholeiitic trace element variable vent viscosity volatile volume wall rock zones