Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry

absorption acid appears applied atoms axis birefringence boundary buffer calculated cell charge Chem chromophores complex concentration constant containing contrast corrected corresponding curve dependence determined dielectric difference diffusion dipole direction discussed distribution effects electric electric field electron electrophoresis elution emission energy equation equilibrium example excitation experimental experiments factor field flow fluorescence fraction frequency function gel filtration given groups important increase indicates intensity interactions ionic ions length light limited macromolecules measured method microscope migration mobility molecular molecules observed obtained occurs optical particles patterns peaks perturbation phase plot polarization position possible preparation present produced protein range ratio reaction reference relative relaxation resolution respectively rotation scattering separation shift shown single solution solvent specimen spectra spectrum strength structure studies technique theoretical theory tion unit usually values volume wavelength weight yield zone