An Introduction to Materials Science and EngineeringRalls' Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering is intended for students who want to learn about the nature of solid substances and, especially, for beginning engineering students who are making their first serious contact with the structure and properties of real solids. It represents, clearly and logically, the chemical and physical principles on which the properties of materials depend. The basic relationships introduced in general chemistry and physics courses are reviewed and extended in order to permit the student to relate the properties of ceramic, metallic, and polymeric solids to their internal structure and external environment. |
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activation energy alloy anions anode atomic orbitals atoms bainite band behavior Bravais lattice Burgers vector carbon cathode cation chemical composition concentration constant cooling copper corrosion covalent bonding crack crystal structure cubic curve decreases deformation diffusion direction dislocation density ductility elastic electrical electrons energy levels enthalpy equilibrium eutectic eutectoid example FIGURE fraction fracture free energy function galvanic cell glass grain boundaries hydrogen increases interatomic interstitial ionic ions kJ/mol liquid martensite materials mechanical melting point metal microstructure modulus mole molecular orbitals molecules NaCl noncrystalline nucleation occurs oxide oxygen particles pearlite phase diagram polycrystalline polymerization polymers potential pressure properties reaction region relative result room temperature Schematic Sect shear stress shown in Fig single crystal slip plane solid solution solidification steel strain substances surface energy Table tensile thermal transformation transition temperature two-phase unit cell valence voltage volume yield strength