Surfactants in AgrochemicalsThis work highlights the physical chemistry of surfactant solutions, detailing a fundamental method of selecting surfactants for agrochemical formulations and delineating how surfactants enhance the biological efficacy of agrochemicals. The unique properties of surfactants that have a major influence on the performance of an agrochemical are summarized.;The book is intended for physical, surface and colloid chemists; biochemists; microbiologists; agronomists; research and development personnel in the pesticide and fertilizer industries; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking chemistry and chemical engineering courses.;College and university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special price which is available on request from Marcel Dekker Inc. |
Contents
Preface | 1 |
Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Solutions | 9 |
Adsorption of Surfactants and Polymers at | 31 |
Emulsifiable Concentrates | 66 |
Emulsions | 91 |
Emulsion Stability | 107 |
Characterization of Emulsions and Assessment | 121 |
107 | 130 |
118 | 142 |
126 | 164 |
Microemulsions | 183 |
Role of Surfactants in the Transfer and Performance | 207 |
Impaction and Adhesion | 217 |
Droplet Sliding and Spray Retention | 223 |
249 | |
261 | |
Common terms and phrases
adhesion adsorbed adsorbed layer adsorption aggregates agrochemical agrochemical formulations applied aqueous biological efficacy chain length Chapter Chem chemical clays coalescence Colloid Colloid Interface Sci constant contact angle cosurfactant crystal growth decreases density depends diffusion dilution drop droplets effect elasticity electrolyte electrolyte concentration emulsifier emulsion energy-distance curve enhance entropy equation equilibrium ethirimol ethoxylated film flocculation formation free energy gradient head group HLB number hydrophilic hydrophobic illustrated in Figure increase interaction interfacial tension ionic surfactants leaf surface liquid measurements medium method micelles microemulsion molecular weight molecules nonionic surfactants obtained Ostwald ripening oxide parameters particles phase diagram polyelectrolytes polymer produced radius redispersion reduce region repulsion result rheological role of surfactants Schematic settling shear rate shows solid solubilization solution spray stress structure surface energy surface tension surfactant concentration surfactant molecule suspension concentrates Tadros temperature Th.F usually various velocity viscoelastic viscosity volume fraction wetting