Mapping the Language of Racism: Discourse and the Legitimation of ExploitationThe topics of 'race' and 'racism' are often treated narrowly and unimaginatively in social scientific literature; they are usually viewed as sub-categories of 'stereotyping' or 'prejudice' or 'social class.' In this exciting new book, Margaret Wetherell and Jonathan Potter extend their work on the use of discourse analysis to tackle racism and issues of social structure, power relations and idology. Part I, Theory and Method, reviews and criticizes mainstream sociological and psychological theoretical approaches to the topic of racism and introduces the challenges to them posed by discourse analysis. Also examined are the ways in which some recent developments in literary theory, post-structuralism, semiotics and cultural studies might be applied to the social and psychological study of racist practices. Part II, Discourse in Action, examines how white New Zealanders make sense of their own history and actions towards the Maori minoriy. The authors' contention is that, in order to combat racism, we need to address the commonplace forms of explanation used by ordinary people rather than concentrate on obvious bigots and extremist groups. They conclude that many 'liberal' and 'egalitarian' arguments can be used to sustain racism and exploitation. Mapping the Language of Racism is a pioneering book which suggest genuinely new ways of thinking and acting on a topic of grave social concern. |
Contents
Acknowledgements | |
Introduction | 1 |
Issues for discourse analysis | 4 |
Theory and method | 11 |
Ideology and political economy | 13 |
The falsity of race | 14 |
The history of the racial account | 18 |
The political and economic context | 22 |
Race in 1960s New Zealand | 125 |
The premises of culture | 128 |
Culture as heritage | 129 |
Culture as therapy | 131 |
Pakeha positions | 134 |
Culture as ideology | 137 |
The premises of nation and nationalism | 139 |
Mimicry and ambivalence | 142 |
The social functions of ideology | 24 |
The effectivity of ideology | 26 |
Discursive representation reality and individual experience | 29 |
Ideology in perspective | 31 |
Cognition identity and personality | 34 |
Reading cognitions | 36 |
Representation and reality in social cognition research | 40 |
Reading social identity | 43 |
The ontology and epistemology of social identity theory | 46 |
Reading motives | 49 |
Discourse analysis as diagnosis | 55 |
Discourse power and subjectivity | 58 |
Discursive practice | 60 |
Discourse and its objects | 62 |
The status of scientific accounts of racism | 65 |
Truth and antiracist practice | 67 |
From ideology to ideological practice | 69 |
Constructing social groups | 72 |
Constructing subjectivities | 75 |
Discursive power | 79 |
Genealogy and ideology | 85 |
Analyzing racist discourse | 88 |
Discourses and interpretative repertoires | 89 |
Rhetorical construction | 93 |
Interviews and documents | 98 |
Transcription coding and analysis | 100 |
Understanding ethnography and discursive consequences | 102 |
Putting discourse in context | 104 |
Discourse in action | 113 |
Preface | 115 |
Constructing community race culture and nation | 117 |
The premises of race | 119 |
Victorian racial interpretation | 124 |
Towards a South Pacific nation? | 143 |
The practice of categorization | 146 |
Accounting for the social stories of social conflict and social influence | 149 |
Discrediting protest | 150 |
Variable scenarios of influence | 154 |
the organic society | 158 |
Proper and improper influence | 161 |
Susceptible masses and hysterical extremists | 163 |
Formulations of the individual versus the social | 164 |
Trickling down or trickling up conspiracies or coincidences? | 167 |
Practical politics and ideological dilemmas | 174 |
Some commonplaces of political discourse | 177 |
The patchwork of resources | 178 |
The importance of being practical | 179 |
Equality freedom and individual rights | 181 |
Imperial history | 183 |
Mobilizing arguments | 185 |
Ambivalent individuals or ambivalent discourse? | 194 |
Towards a critique of the modern racism approach | 196 |
The prejudice problematic | 201 |
Prejudice in social psychological and lay discourse | 202 |
Individual bigotry and collective guilt | 204 |
Irrationality and prejudgement | 206 |
The manifest and the latent | 208 |
Tolerance and harmony | 209 |
how to deal with accusations | 211 |
Reforming the prejudiced | 215 |
Discourse analysis and antiracism | 216 |
Sample and procedure | 221 |
Transcription conventions | 225 |
227 | |
241 | |
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accounts action Adorno anti-racist practice argue argument articulation attitudes authoritarian personality Bastion Point become Benton and James Billig British chapter claims colonial concept concerned conflict construction context contrast crucial defined described developed dilemmas discourse analysis distinctive dominant economic effects emphasis European Eva Rickard example extracts focus forms formulation Foucault ideas ideology individual interests intergroup interpretative resources interviews Labour land lay discourse liberal Māori Affairs Māori and Pākehā Māori culture Māori groups Māori language Marxist Miles mmhm modern racism motives nation negative organized Pākehā New Zealanders particular patterns perspective political position post-structuralist Potter and Wetherell prejudice problematic questions racial racism racist discourse reality representation rhetorical Robert Miles Sargeant seen social cognition research social groups social identity theory social psychology social relations society South Islander Spoonley stereotypes strategy structure suggests talk Treaty of Waitangi Turner versions Waitangi yeah