Low-dielectric Constant Materials

absorption addition adhesion aerogels alternating annealing applications bond bulk capacitance chemical circuit coating coefficient compared copolyimide copolymer copper cured decrease defects density deposition determined device dielectric properties effect electrical electronic energy etch field Figure film thickness fluorinated frequency function glass higher IEEE imaging improve in-plane increase indicate initial integrated interconnect interlayer dielectric layer light loss low dielectric constant lower materials measurements mechanical metal method microelectronic Microwave modulus moisture monomers observed obtained optical organic oxide Parylene patterns performance permittivity planarization plasma polishing polyimide film polymer polymeric prepared properties range reduce reported requirements resistance resonators sample shown in Figure shows silica silicon SiO2 SOG film solution stress structure studied substrate surface Table technique Technology Teflon temperature thermal thermal expansion thermal stability thickness thin films values vapor various Volume wafers