Topical Antimicrobial Testing and EvaluationProviding industry and academia with the ways of getting products approved by the FDA and the means of servicing expanding markets, this work presents and reviews techniques for testing antibacterial compounds. It discusses and illustrates the most effective methods for testing efficacy and safety of preinjection and preoperative washes, healthcare and food service workers' handwashes, and surgical scrubs. |
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Contents
General Approach to Developing Topical Antimicrobials | 1 |
REDUCTIONISM | 4 |
III CONCLUSION | 15 |
Skin Properties | 17 |
II THE EPIDERMIS | 18 |
III THE DERMIS | 21 |
IV DERMAL VASCULARIZATION | 22 |
V THE TISSUE FLUIDS | 24 |
III STATISTICAL METHODS | 78 |
IV STATISTICAL MODELBUILDING AND ANALYSIS | 80 |
V PARAMETRIC STATISTICS | 83 |
VI NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS | 84 |
VII QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS | 85 |
VIII PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESIGNS | 86 |
IX HEURISTIC DESIGNS | 87 |
X HISTORICAL RESEARCH DESIGN | 88 |
Skin Microbiology | 25 |
II THE BACTERIAL CELL | 29 |
III MYCOLOGY FUNGI | 46 |
IV VIRUSES | 50 |
Current Topical Antimicrobials | 53 |
II CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE | 56 |
III PARACHLOROMETAXYLENOL PCMX | 58 |
IV ALCOHOLS | 59 |
Measurement of Antimicrobial Action of Topical Antimicrobials | 61 |
II THE RESEARCH SITUATION | 66 |
III MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY | 69 |
IV STATISTICAL METHODS USED TO EVALUATE THE STUDY | 70 |
V NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS | 71 |
VI CONCLUSION | 76 |
Epistemological Requirements in Evaluating the Effects of Specific Treatments | 77 |
XII CONCLUSION | 89 |
Evaluation Strategies and Sample Working Protocols | 91 |
II HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL HANDWASH EVALUATIONS | 94 |
III PROPOSED ANTIMICROBIAL HANDSOAP EVALUATION | 96 |
IV SAMPLE PROTOCOLS to be modified as required | 102 |
IVa GENERALUSE HANDWASH EVALUATION see Section VI Foodhandler Antimicrobial Handwash Evaluation | 108 |
VI FOODHANDLER ANTIMICROBIAL HANDWASH EVALUATION | 112 |
VII MEDICALHEALTHCARE INDUSTRY ANTIMICROBIALS | 117 |
Overview of Statistical Methods | 141 |
II INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL INFERENCE | 147 |
III ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ANOVA | 168 |
IV KRUSKALWALLIS STATISTIC | 188 |
References | 199 |
205 | |
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Topical Antimicrobial Testing and Evaluation Daryl S Paulson,Taylor & Francis Group No preview available - 2020 |
Common terms and phrases
acids analysis antimicrobial effectiveness antimicrobial efficacy antimicrobial soap bacteria bacterial cell baseline capsule cell wall chlorhexidine gluconate colony counts containing control product cup scrub cytoplasmic membrane decision rule dermis determined difference dilution distribution endospore epidermis error example experimental design glove juice sampling Gram-negative Gram-positive hands Hawthorne Effect healthcare personnel handwash investigator iodine iodophors juice sampling procedure laboratory layer level of significance linear scale Lot Number Mann-Whitney measurement methods microbial counts microbial populations microorganisms n₁ n₂ neutralizers nonparametric normal microbial flora null hypothesis number of viable outer membrane parametric statistical PCMX peptidoglycan performed period plate counts polysaccharides preoperative skin preparation prepped proteins Quadrant reject requirements research design skin surfaces Soybean-casein Digest agar species statistical model Step sterile structure Student's t-test subjects tail teichoic acids test product test statistic tion tissue topical antimicrobial product treatment type I error validity variable variance versus H₁ viruses