Wine Microbiology: Science and TechnologyThis volume applies an inductive experimental approach to recognize, control and resolve the variables that effect the wine-making process and the quality of the final product - focusing on the grape variety-yeast interaction controversy. It contains over 300 drawings, photographs and photomicrographs that illustrate the diagnostic morphology of wi |
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Page 24
... microns); 2) the normal eyepiece is replaced with an eyepiece containing a micrometric disc (Fig. 5a) and a focusing device; only one of the two eyepieces is replaced in the case of a binocular microscope. The focusing device on the ...
... microns); 2) the normal eyepiece is replaced with an eyepiece containing a micrometric disc (Fig. 5a) and a focusing device; only one of the two eyepieces is replaced in the case of a binocular microscope. The focusing device on the ...
Page 25
... microns for the stage micrometer and subdivision number for the eyepiece disc); 5) divide the eyepiece disc number by the stage micron number; this value corresponds in microns to each subdivision on the eyepiece disc. For example ...
... microns for the stage micrometer and subdivision number for the eyepiece disc); 5) divide the eyepiece disc number by the stage micron number; this value corresponds in microns to each subdivision on the eyepiece disc. For example ...
Page 26
... Micron number given to every subdivision on the eyepiece micrometer: 1.2 – the observed number of subdivisions on the eyepiece micrometer occupied by the image of the cell: 5 – therefor, the length of yeast cell is 6.0 microns (5 x 1.2) ...
... Micron number given to every subdivision on the eyepiece micrometer: 1.2 – the observed number of subdivisions on the eyepiece micrometer occupied by the image of the cell: 5 – therefor, the length of yeast cell is 6.0 microns (5 x 1.2) ...
Page 45
... micron membrane and the filtrate is diluted two-fold with the sample to be examined. b) Gram staining. This method is very popular because it is diagnostic for a characteristic which is essentially stable for every bacterial species. In ...
... micron membrane and the filtrate is diluted two-fold with the sample to be examined. b) Gram staining. This method is very popular because it is diagnostic for a characteristic which is essentially stable for every bacterial species. In ...
Page 50
... microns, respectively, from the center of the large group of cells. The sequence of photos c) and d) shou, the confluence of colonies after 48 hours of incubaFig. 13b. A side view of the Burker counting chamber. The. tion. 50 Delfini ...
... microns, respectively, from the center of the large group of cells. The sequence of photos c) and d) shou, the confluence of colonies after 48 hours of incubaFig. 13b. A side view of the Burker counting chamber. The. tion. 50 Delfini ...
Contents
17 | |
27 | |
35 | |
49 | |
Sterilization techniques | 85 |
The antiseptic effect of sulfur dioxide | 99 |
Correlation between pH buffer power oxidationreduction potential microbiological stabilization and the acid taste of wine | 125 |
Alternative techniques to the use of sulfur dioxide for microbiological stabilization | 143 |
Microbiological monitoring of must and wine | 283 |
The use of selected yeast strains | 291 |
The formation of organoleptically important metabolites | 327 |
The production of acetic acid by yeasts | 339 |
Biological degradation of malic acid | 357 |
Microbiological control of concentrated musts and sulfured musts | 379 |
The microbiological control of wine during storage | 389 |
Methodology for the microbiological stabilization of musts and wines | 409 |
Cleansing and sanitation | 157 |
Taxonomy biology cytology and morphology of wineassociated yeasts | 167 |
Isolation selection and purification of wine yeasts | 193 |
Oenological characteristics of selected yeast strains and their genetic improvement | 219 |
Current and prospective microbiological topics in enology | 241 |
The metabolism of sugars and nitrogen by yeast | 253 |
The oxygen requirement for wine yeast | 269 |
Microbiological stabilization of wine through thermal treatment Pasteurization and hot bottling | 425 |
Microbiological stabilization through filtration | 433 |
Microscopic and chemical assays used for the identification of sediment Techniques used to determine a wines propensity to develop turbidity | 453 |
Bibliography | 461 |
Index | 483 |
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Common terms and phrases
acetaldehyde acetic acid bacteria activity addition agar alcoholic fermentation antiseptic aromatic bottling cells/mL characteristics clarified colonies color compounds concentration considered containing decrease degradation Delfini diluted dose effect enological enzymes ethyl eyepiece factors fatty acids favor filter filtration formation free-run genetic glucose glycerol grape growth H2SO heat hydrogen increase incubation inhibition initial inoculated inoculum juice lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc liquid malic acid malolactic bacteria malolactic fermentation medium membrane mentation metabolic mg/L microbial microbiological stabilization micron microorganisms microscope molecular SO2 º º occur odor organoleptic oxidation oxygen Pasteur Petri plate phase preparation presence produced pyruvic acid quantity resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae sample Schizosaccharomyces selected yeast strains slide solution species spoilage spores starter culture sterile sugar sulfur dioxide surface suspension Table tank tartaric acid techniques temperature tion tive treatment vegetative cells vinification volatile acidity wine yeasts yeast cells