Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 247
... group , they can be expected to behave like couples in olden times who were forced to live together by a shotgun ... cohesive . When we consider the two major sources of error that beset noncohesive groups - deliberate conformity out of fear ...
... group , they can be expected to behave like couples in olden times who were forced to live together by a shotgun ... cohesive . When we consider the two major sources of error that beset noncohesive groups - deliberate conformity out of fear ...
Page 248
... group norm to which the members conscientiously adhere ; this helps to counteract groupthink . But even when the ... cohesive group that on one occasion suffers from groupthink is capable on other occasions of gaining the advantages of ...
... group norm to which the members conscientiously adhere ; this helps to counteract groupthink . But even when the ... cohesive group that on one occasion suffers from groupthink is capable on other occasions of gaining the advantages of ...
Page 249
... group's deliberations on a policy deci- sion , even when the leader does not want the members to be yes - men and the individual members try to resist conforming : ( 1 ) the cohesive decision- making group is insulated from the ...
... group's deliberations on a policy deci- sion , even when the leader does not want the members to be yes - men and the individual members try to resist conforming : ( 1 ) the cohesive decision- making group is insulated from the ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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Acheson administration Admiral Kimmel advisers advisory group air strike Allen Dulles alternative American assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs blockade bombing Castro Chiefs of Staff Chinese cohesive group Communist concurrence-seeking consensus course of action critical Cuba Cuban missile crisis danger Dean Defense deliberations discussion effect Ehrlichman evidence Executive Committee expected fiasco group dynamics groupthink hypothesis groupthink tendencies Haldeman Hawaii Ibid in-group inner circle invasion plan issues Japanese Johnson Joint Chiefs judgment Kennan Kennedy's Korean War leader major Marshall Plan McNamara meetings military moral naval Nixon North Korea North Vietnam officers participants Pearl Harbor Pentagon Papers policy-making group political present President Kennedy President's pressures problem procedures psychological questions responsible risks Robert Kennedy role Rusk Schlesinger Secretary shared sion social Sorensen Soviet Union stereotypes stress symptoms of groupthink thinking threat tion transcripts Truman Vietnam Vietnam War warning Watergate cover-up White House White House group