Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 107
... evidence shows that even if his main arguments against the quagmire myth are subsequently verified by fresh evidence about the deliberations of the policy - makers , his analysis of the major escalation decisions made by the Johnson ...
... evidence shows that even if his main arguments against the quagmire myth are subsequently verified by fresh evidence about the deliberations of the policy - makers , his analysis of the major escalation decisions made by the Johnson ...
Page 196
... evidence from small samples , and failing to discount evidence from biased samples . " Even without all these sources of miscalculation , the mere fact that a huge overload of complicated information has to be processed in order to ar ...
... evidence from small samples , and failing to discount evidence from biased samples . " Even without all these sources of miscalculation , the mere fact that a huge overload of complicated information has to be processed in order to ar ...
Page 273
... evidence to keep the good ones going . By accumulating systematic evidence , they could contribute to the transformation of effective policy - making from a haphazard art into a cumulative science . In the absence of sound evaluation ...
... evidence to keep the good ones going . By accumulating systematic evidence , they could contribute to the transformation of effective policy - making from a haphazard art into a cumulative science . In the absence of sound evaluation ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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accept according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact feel fiasco forces give groupthink Haldeman initial invasion issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making policy-making group political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House