Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 12
... issues that arise when alternatives to a harsh military solution come up for discussion . Nor are the members inclined to raise ethical issues that imply that this " fine group of ours , with its humanitarianism and its high - minded ...
... issues that arise when alternatives to a harsh military solution come up for discussion . Nor are the members inclined to raise ethical issues that imply that this " fine group of ours , with its humanitarianism and its high - minded ...
Page 141
... issues in the traditional bureaucratic way whereby each man confines his remarks to the special aspects in which he considers himself to be an expert and avoids arguing about issues on which others present are supposedly more expert ...
... issues in the traditional bureaucratic way whereby each man confines his remarks to the special aspects in which he considers himself to be an expert and avoids arguing about issues on which others present are supposedly more expert ...
Page 249
... issues outside the group , they can be expected to show an increased tendency to rely upon the judgments of the group on those issues as norms . The . . . lack of methodical procedures for search and appraisal affords an unbridled ...
... issues outside the group , they can be expected to show an increased tendency to rely upon the judgments of the group on those issues as norms . The . . . lack of methodical procedures for search and appraisal affords an unbridled ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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accept according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact feel fiasco forces give groupthink Haldeman initial invasion issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making policy-making group political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House