Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 176
Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes Irving Lester Janis. A ... group dynamics . One major condition that I have repeatedly mentioned has to ... making , especially if the members are engaging in internal warfare . But ...
Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes Irving Lester Janis. A ... group dynamics . One major condition that I have repeatedly mentioned has to ... making , especially if the members are engaging in internal warfare . But ...
Page 249
... making process being pervaded by symptoms of groupthink are in- creased when each of the following structural faults of the organization is present prior to and at the outset of the group's deliberations on a policy deci- sion , even ...
... making process being pervaded by symptoms of groupthink are in- creased when each of the following structural faults of the organization is present prior to and at the outset of the group's deliberations on a policy deci- sion , even ...
Page 302
Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes Irving Lester Janis. necessarily impairing group cohesiveness ( if the leader does not foolishly insist on fighting against the outside experts ) . When the source of high stress is ...
Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes Irving Lester Janis. necessarily impairing group cohesiveness ( if the leader does not foolishly insist on fighting against the outside experts ) . When the source of high stress is ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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accept according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact feel fiasco forces give groupthink Haldeman initial invasion issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making policy-making group political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House