Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 82
... possible Japanese targets . Recognizing this , Wohlstet- ter has made some allusions to " wishful thinking " : There is a good deal of evidence . . . that in conditions of great uncertainty people tend to predict that events that they ...
... possible Japanese targets . Recognizing this , Wohlstet- ter has made some allusions to " wishful thinking " : There is a good deal of evidence . . . that in conditions of great uncertainty people tend to predict that events that they ...
Page 93
... possible " and their failure to list Pearl Har- bor among the possible targets of a Japanese attack - correctly reflected the lack of vigilance among the members of the War Council so far as Hawaii was concerned . In May 1941 , General ...
... possible " and their failure to list Pearl Har- bor among the possible targets of a Japanese attack - correctly reflected the lack of vigilance among the members of the War Council so far as Hawaii was concerned . In May 1941 , General ...
Page 145
... possible courses of action . " That very day the group began examining the pros and cons of the most obvious alternatives . Robert Kennedy intervened at one point , taking on his customary role of intellectual watchdog , to urge the ...
... possible courses of action . " That very day the group began examining the pros and cons of the most obvious alternatives . Robert Kennedy intervened at one point , taking on his customary role of intellectual watchdog , to urge the ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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accept according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact feel fiasco forces give groupthink Haldeman initial invasion issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making policy-making group political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House