Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 35
... shared illusions and related norms that interfere with critical thinking and reality testing . If the available accounts describe the deliberations accurately , typical illusions can be discerned among the members of the Kennedy team ...
... shared illusions and related norms that interfere with critical thinking and reality testing . If the available accounts describe the deliberations accurately , typical illusions can be discerned among the members of the Kennedy team ...
Page 256
... shared illusion of invulnerability and shared rationalizations can alleviate incipient fears of failure and prevent unnerving feelings of personal inadequacy , especially during a crisis . Even during noncrisis periods , whenever the ...
... shared illusion of invulnerability and shared rationalizations can alleviate incipient fears of failure and prevent unnerving feelings of personal inadequacy , especially during a crisis . Even during noncrisis periods , whenever the ...
Page 257
... shared assumption helps the members avoid feelings of shame or guilt about decisions that may violate their personal code of ethical behavior . Shared negative stereotypes that feature the evil nature of the enemy would enhance their ...
... shared assumption helps the members avoid feelings of shame or guilt about decisions that may violate their personal code of ethical behavior . Shared negative stereotypes that feature the evil nature of the enemy would enhance their ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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Acheson administration Admiral Kimmel advisers advisory group air strike Allen Dulles alternative American assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs blockade bombing Castro Chiefs of Staff Chinese cohesive group Communist concurrence-seeking consensus course of action critical Cuba Cuban missile crisis danger Dean Defense deliberations discussion effect Ehrlichman evidence Executive Committee expected fiasco group dynamics groupthink hypothesis groupthink tendencies Haldeman Hawaii Ibid in-group inner circle invasion plan issues Japanese Johnson Joint Chiefs judgment Kennan Kennedy's Korean War leader major Marshall Plan McNamara meetings military moral naval Nixon North Korea North Vietnam officers participants Pearl Harbor Pentagon Papers policy-making group political present President Kennedy President's pressures problem procedures psychological questions responsible risks Robert Kennedy role Rusk Schlesinger Secretary shared sion social Sorensen Soviet Union stereotypes stress symptoms of groupthink thinking threat tion transcripts Truman Vietnam Vietnam War warning Watergate cover-up White House White House group