Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 12
... sources of human error can prevent government leaders from arriving at well worked out decisions , resulting in failures to achieve their practical objectives and violations of their own standards of ethical conduct . But , unlike ...
... sources of human error can prevent government leaders from arriving at well worked out decisions , resulting in failures to achieve their practical objectives and violations of their own standards of ethical conduct . But , unlike ...
Page 196
... sources of miscalculation , the mere fact that a huge overload of complicated information has to be processed in order to ar- rive at an optimal choice is sufficient to induce competent and highly efficient decision - makers to resort ...
... sources of miscalculation , the mere fact that a huge overload of complicated information has to be processed in order to ar- rive at an optimal choice is sufficient to induce competent and highly efficient decision - makers to resort ...
Page 301
... sources ( in- volving potential lowering of self - esteem ) as well as external sources of threat ( involving fear of failure or defeat ) is consistently low among the members of a cohesive policy - making group . If it turns out that ...
... sources ( in- volving potential lowering of self - esteem ) as well as external sources of threat ( involving fear of failure or defeat ) is consistently low among the members of a cohesive policy - making group . If it turns out that ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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Acheson administration Admiral Kimmel advisers advisory group air strike Allen Dulles alternative American assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs blockade bombing Castro Chiefs of Staff Chinese cohesive group Communist concurrence-seeking consensus course of action critical Cuba Cuban missile crisis danger Dean Defense deliberations discussion effect Ehrlichman evidence Executive Committee expected fiasco group dynamics groupthink hypothesis groupthink tendencies Haldeman Hawaii Ibid in-group inner circle invasion plan issues Japanese Johnson Joint Chiefs judgment Kennan Kennedy's Korean War leader major Marshall Plan McNamara meetings military moral naval Nixon North Korea North Vietnam officers participants Pearl Harbor Pentagon Papers policy-making group political present President Kennedy President's pressures problem procedures psychological questions responsible risks Robert Kennedy role Rusk Schlesinger Secretary shared sion social Sorensen Soviet Union stereotypes stress symptoms of groupthink thinking threat tion transcripts Truman Vietnam Vietnam War warning Watergate cover-up White House White House group