Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
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Page 251
... stress from external threats was not very high most of the time , although the participants may have been functioning at a moderately high level of stress during some of the meetings because President Kennedy and his advisers were in a ...
... stress from external threats was not very high most of the time , although the participants may have been functioning at a moderately high level of stress during some of the meetings because President Kennedy and his advisers were in a ...
Page 254
... stress from external threats together with low hope of finding a better solution than the one favored by the leader . But it follows from the two - factor hypothesis that high stress will not necessarily augment concurrence - seeking ...
... stress from external threats together with low hope of finding a better solution than the one favored by the leader . But it follows from the two - factor hypothesis that high stress will not necessarily augment concurrence - seeking ...
Page 301
... stress ( box B - 2 ) . The explanatory hypothesis , with its emphasis on the primary role of internal or exter- nal sources of stress , has an important implication concerning instances of groupthink in situations of relatively low stress ...
... stress ( box B - 2 ) . The explanatory hypothesis , with its emphasis on the primary role of internal or exter- nal sources of stress , has an important implication concerning instances of groupthink in situations of relatively low stress ...
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Copyright | |
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Acheson administration Admiral Kimmel advisers advisory group air strike Allen Dulles alternative American assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs blockade bombing Castro Chiefs of Staff Chinese cohesive group Communist concurrence-seeking consensus course of action critical Cuba Cuban missile crisis danger Dean Defense deliberations discussion effect Ehrlichman evidence Executive Committee expected fiasco group dynamics groupthink hypothesis groupthink tendencies Haldeman Hawaii Ibid in-group inner circle invasion plan issues Japanese Johnson Joint Chiefs judgment Kennan Kennedy's Korean War leader major Marshall Plan McNamara meetings military moral naval Nixon North Korea North Vietnam officers participants Pearl Harbor Pentagon Papers policy-making group political present President Kennedy President's pressures problem procedures psychological questions responsible risks Robert Kennedy role Rusk Schlesinger Secretary shared sion social Sorensen Soviet Union stereotypes stress symptoms of groupthink thinking threat tion transcripts Truman Vietnam Vietnam War warning Watergate cover-up White House White House group