Conjugated Conducting PolymersHelmut Kiess This book reviews the current understanding of electronic, optical and magnetic properties of conjugated polymers in both the semiconducting and metallic states. It introduces in particular novel phenomena and concepts in these quasi one-dimensional materials that differ from the well-established concepts valid for crystalline semiconductors. After a brief introductory chapter, the second chapter presents basic theore tical concepts and treats in detail the various models for n-conjugated polymers and the computational methods required to derive observable quantities. Specific spatially localized structures, often referred to as solitons, polarons and bipolarons, result naturally from the interaction between n-electrons and lattice displacements. For a semi-quantitative understanding of the various measure ments, electron-electron interactions have to be incorporated in the models; this in turn makes the calculations rather complicated. The third chapter is devoted to the electrical properties of these materials. The high metallic conductivity achieved by doping gave rise to the expression conducting polymers, which is often used for such materials even when they are in their semiconducting or insulating state. Although conductivity is one of the most important features, the reader will learn how difficult it is to draw definite conclusions about the nature of the charge carriers and the microscopic transport mechanism solely from electrical measurements. Optical properties are discussed in the fourth chapter. |
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Page 15
... energy is added as a potential energy to H , the resulting Hamiltonian then depends only on the nuclear coordinates R. In a second step this Hamil- tonian is used for calculating the ground - state configuration of the nuclei and the ...
... energy is added as a potential energy to H , the resulting Hamiltonian then depends only on the nuclear coordinates R. In a second step this Hamil- tonian is used for calculating the ground - state configuration of the nuclei and the ...
Page 16
... energy . One expects this to be true if either Ve - n or Ve - e ( or both ) are large compared to the kinetic energy . Ve - n dominates for the tightly bound electrons . The effect of V. , becomes important Ve - e for the valence ...
... energy . One expects this to be true if either Ve - n or Ve - e ( or both ) are large compared to the kinetic energy . Ve - n dominates for the tightly bound electrons . The effect of V. , becomes important Ve - e for the valence ...
Page 18
... energy of a many - electron system in the presence of an applied potential is a functional of the density of the electrons , p ( r ) ( for a current review , see [ 2.27 ] ) . Formally , one can write for the effective single - electron ...
... energy of a many - electron system in the presence of an applied potential is a functional of the density of the electrons , p ( r ) ( for a current review , see [ 2.27 ] ) . Formally , one can write for the effective single - electron ...
Page 19
... energy photoemis- sion or optical absorption experiments . However , one must recall that these Hamiltonians contain no ( explicit ) Coulomb interaction . Putting two electrons into the same level costs twice the energy as adding a ...
... energy photoemis- sion or optical absorption experiments . However , one must recall that these Hamiltonians contain no ( explicit ) Coulomb interaction . Putting two electrons into the same level costs twice the energy as adding a ...
Page 30
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Contents
1 | |
7 | |
7 | 44 |
13 | 60 |
15 | 72 |
18 | 101 |
References | 114 |
28 | 115 |
Charge Transport in Polymers | 135 |
Theory and Experiment | 141 |
References | 171 |
References | 214 |
References | 297 |
Subject Index | 305 |
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Common terms and phrases
A.J. Heeger A.R. Bishop atoms Baeriswyl band band gap behaviour bipolarons bond alternation bond lengths calculations chain charged solitons Chem chemical shift cis-(CH conducting polymers configuration conjugated polymers correlation effects Coulomb interactions coupling Cryst D.K. Campbell defects dependence dimerization discussed dopant doping doping levels e-e interactions electron correlation electron spin electron-electron interactions electron-phonon ENDOR energy excitations exciton experimental finite polyenes frequency function Hamiltonian Hartree-Fock hopping Hubbard model Hückel inter-chain kink Kivelson lattice Lett linewidth magnetic Mazumdar metallic molecular molecules neutral solitons nonlinear nonlinear optical nuclear observed obtained one-dimensional optical absorption optical gap parameter peak Peierls Peierls-Hubbard model phonon Phys polarons polyacetylene polyenes polypyrrole polythiophene properties proton quantum quasi-particles Raman relaxation resonance Sect Solid State Commun spectra spectrum spin density SSH model susceptibility symmetry Synth temperature theoretical theory trans-(CH trans-polyacetylene transition triplet valence bond values Vardeny