Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related MaterialsTo the surprise of practically no one, research and engineering on multi polymer materials has steadily increased through the 1960s and 1970s. More and more people are remarking that we are running out of new monomers to polymerize, and that the improved polymers of the future will depend heavily on synergistic combinations of existing materials. In the era of the mid-1960s, three distinct multipolymer combinations were recognized: polymer blends, grafts, and blocks. Although inter penetrating polymer networks, lPNs, were prepared very early in polymer history, and already named by Millar in 1960, they played a relatively low-key role in polymer research developments until the late 1960s and 1970s. I would prefer to consider the IPNs as a subdivision of the graft copolymers. Yet the unique topology of the IPNs imparts properties not easily obtainable without the presence of crosslinking. One of the objectives of this book is to point out the wealth of work done on IPNs or closely related materials. Since many papers and patents actually concerned with IPNs are not so designated, this literature is significantly larger than first imagined. It may also be that many authors will meet each other for the first time on these pages and realize that they are working on a common topology. The number of applications suggested in the patent literature is large and growing. Included are impact-resistant plastics, ion exchange resins, noise-damping materials, a type of thermoplastic elastomer, and many more. |
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Page 3
... components simultaneously . The product is called an interpenetrating elastomeric network , IEN . There are , in fact , many different ways that an IPN can be prepared ; each yields a distinctive topology . The term " interpenetrating ...
... components simultaneously . The product is called an interpenetrating elastomeric network , IEN . There are , in fact , many different ways that an IPN can be prepared ; each yields a distinctive topology . The term " interpenetrating ...
Page 7
... component of the Frisch team IPNs nearly always consists of a polyurethane . Sperling was originally interested in producing finely divided poly- blends without the need for heavy mechanical mixing equipment . The dual - network idea ...
... component of the Frisch team IPNs nearly always consists of a polyurethane . Sperling was originally interested in producing finely divided poly- blends without the need for heavy mechanical mixing equipment . The dual - network idea ...
Page 12
... components , n1 and n2 represent the number of moles of the two polymers , respectively , and v1 and v2 represent their volume fractions . Equation ( 2.2 ) is derived in Section 6.5.2 . The first term on the right indicates the heat of ...
... components , n1 and n2 represent the number of moles of the two polymers , respectively , and v1 and v2 represent their volume fractions . Equation ( 2.2 ) is derived in Section 6.5.2 . The first term on the right indicates the heat of ...
Page 14
... component thermal expansion coefficients are sufficiently different , LCST behavior becomes more likely . It should be noted again that the normal entropic effects are very small . By using Flory's equation - of - state thermodynamics ...
... component thermal expansion coefficients are sufficiently different , LCST behavior becomes more likely . It should be noted again that the normal entropic effects are very small . By using Flory's equation - of - state thermodynamics ...
Page 16
... component is stained dark by osmium tetroxide for transmission electron microscopy . The type of morphology evolved depends on the synthetic detail , ( 24 ) morphology shown in the upper right , prepared without stirring ( and hence not ...
... component is stained dark by osmium tetroxide for transmission electron microscopy . The type of morphology evolved depends on the synthetic detail , ( 24 ) morphology shown in the upper right , prepared without stirring ( and hence not ...
Contents
1 | |
11 | |
A Nomenclature for Multipolymer Systems | 31 |
1 Examples of the Proposed Nomenclature | 40 |
HomoIPNs as Model Networks | 49 |
35 | 62 |
Synthesis of IPNs and Related Materials | 65 |
A B wwwwwwww | 87 |
26 | 102 |
Morphology and Glass Transition Behavior | 105 |
Engineering Mechanical and General Behavior | 167 |
Actual or Proposed Applications | 201 |
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY | 243 |
INDEX | 263 |
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Common terms and phrases
ABCP acid acrylate Appl benzoyl peroxide block copolymers butadiene butyl butyl acrylate castor oil chains Chem chemical blends component composition continuous phase crosslink density crosslink level crosslinked polymer cured D. A. Thomas diisocyanate divinyl elastomer emulsion emulsion polymerization epoxy equation equivalent weight films gelation glass transition glycol graft copolymers homo-IPNs homopolymer Interpenetrating Polymer Networks isocyanate J. A. Manson K. C. Frisch Klempner L. H. Sperling latex latex IPNs Lipatov Macromolecules materials methyl methacrylate mixing mixture modulus molding molecular monomer morphology network II P₁ particles phase domain phase inversion phase separation physical crosslinks plastic Plenum PMMA poly poly(methyl methacrylate poly(vinyl polyacrylate polybutadiene polyester Polymer Blends polymerization polystyrene polyurethane Potassium persulfate prepared prepolymer properties random copolymer reacted reaction resin rubber seed latex semi-II semi-IPNs semi-SINS sequential IPNs SINS solution structure styrene swelling synthesis Table temperature tensile thermoplastic IPNs unsaturated urethane v₁ vinyl York