Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related MaterialsTo the surprise of practically no one, research and engineering on multi polymer materials has steadily increased through the 1960s and 1970s. More and more people are remarking that we are running out of new monomers to polymerize, and that the improved polymers of the future will depend heavily on synergistic combinations of existing materials. In the era of the mid-1960s, three distinct multipolymer combinations were recognized: polymer blends, grafts, and blocks. Although inter penetrating polymer networks, lPNs, were prepared very early in polymer history, and already named by Millar in 1960, they played a relatively low-key role in polymer research developments until the late 1960s and 1970s. I would prefer to consider the IPNs as a subdivision of the graft copolymers. Yet the unique topology of the IPNs imparts properties not easily obtainable without the presence of crosslinking. One of the objectives of this book is to point out the wealth of work done on IPNs or closely related materials. Since many papers and patents actually concerned with IPNs are not so designated, this literature is significantly larger than first imagined. It may also be that many authors will meet each other for the first time on these pages and realize that they are working on a common topology. The number of applications suggested in the patent literature is large and growing. Included are impact-resistant plastics, ion exchange resins, noise-damping materials, a type of thermoplastic elastomer, and many more. |
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Results 1-5 of 28
Page 4
... phase boundaries . Given that the synthetic mode yields two networks , the extent of continuity of each network needs to be examined . If both networks are continuous throughout the sample , and the material is phase separated , the phases ...
... phase boundaries . Given that the synthetic mode yields two networks , the extent of continuity of each network needs to be examined . If both networks are continuous throughout the sample , and the material is phase separated , the phases ...
Page 15
... Phase separation takes place above the line . ( 15 ) order to record the effects in a reasonable time , of course ... continuous phase , and so would be expected to be hard . The rubber domains have an occluded polystyrene cellular ...
... Phase separation takes place above the line . ( 15 ) order to record the effects in a reasonable time , of course ... continuous phase , and so would be expected to be hard . The rubber domains have an occluded polystyrene cellular ...
Page 16
... phase inverted ) but nearly identical chemically to the upper left , has the SBR elastomer as the continuous phase . As a result , the upper right material is much softer , and has poor mechanical properties . Both of these products ...
... phase inverted ) but nearly identical chemically to the upper left , has the SBR elastomer as the continuous phase . As a result , the upper right material is much softer , and has poor mechanical properties . Both of these products ...
Page 17
... PHASE CONTINUITY As reviewed elsewhere , ( 28,30-37 ) block copolymers may have spherical , cylindrical , or alternating lamellar - type morphologies , with either phase . continuous depending on the relative proportions of the two ...
... PHASE CONTINUITY As reviewed elsewhere , ( 28,30-37 ) block copolymers may have spherical , cylindrical , or alternating lamellar - type morphologies , with either phase . continuous depending on the relative proportions of the two ...
Page 18
... continuous phase . This is illustrated in Figure 2.5 . 2. For bulk or solution graft copolymerizations , the polymer first synthesized forms the more continuous phase . Polymer II usually forms cellular domains within polymer I. n1 ท 2 ...
... continuous phase . This is illustrated in Figure 2.5 . 2. For bulk or solution graft copolymerizations , the polymer first synthesized forms the more continuous phase . Polymer II usually forms cellular domains within polymer I. n1 ท 2 ...
Contents
1 | |
11 | |
A Nomenclature for Multipolymer Systems | 31 |
1 Examples of the Proposed Nomenclature | 40 |
HomoIPNs as Model Networks | 49 |
35 | 62 |
Synthesis of IPNs and Related Materials | 65 |
A B wwwwwwww | 87 |
26 | 102 |
Morphology and Glass Transition Behavior | 105 |
Engineering Mechanical and General Behavior | 167 |
Actual or Proposed Applications | 201 |
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY | 243 |
INDEX | 263 |
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Common terms and phrases
ABCP acid acrylate Appl benzoyl peroxide block copolymers butadiene butyl butyl acrylate castor oil chains Chem chemical blends component composition continuous phase crosslink density crosslink level crosslinked polymer cured D. A. Thomas diisocyanate divinyl elastomer emulsion emulsion polymerization epoxy equation equivalent weight films gelation glass transition glycol graft copolymers homo-IPNs homopolymer Interpenetrating Polymer Networks isocyanate J. A. Manson K. C. Frisch Klempner L. H. Sperling latex latex IPNs Lipatov Macromolecules materials methyl methacrylate mixing mixture modulus molding molecular monomer morphology network II P₁ particles phase domain phase inversion phase separation physical crosslinks plastic Plenum PMMA poly poly(methyl methacrylate poly(vinyl polyacrylate polybutadiene polyester Polymer Blends polymerization polystyrene polyurethane Potassium persulfate prepared prepolymer properties random copolymer reacted reaction resin rubber seed latex semi-II semi-IPNs semi-SINS sequential IPNs SINS solution structure styrene swelling synthesis Table temperature tensile thermoplastic IPNs unsaturated urethane v₁ vinyl York