Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Volume 4American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001 - Arctic regions |
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Page 45
... foundation . Thus the share of ice load effect in the foundation cost is reducing . In this paper comparison calculations are presented to find out the wind generator foundation cost increase due to moving first year ice and pressure ...
... foundation . Thus the share of ice load effect in the foundation cost is reducing . In this paper comparison calculations are presented to find out the wind generator foundation cost increase due to moving first year ice and pressure ...
Page 49
... foundation cost was 16.8 % of the total , Sorensen & al 2000 . Hence about 90 % foundation cost increase at ice infested offshore site is already compensated directly by the better productivity , e.g. investment versus MWh . In long run ...
... foundation cost was 16.8 % of the total , Sorensen & al 2000 . Hence about 90 % foundation cost increase at ice infested offshore site is already compensated directly by the better productivity , e.g. investment versus MWh . In long run ...
Page 64
... foundation loses its strength and the pipe can deform to a large extent . By the end of summer the foundation dries up and recovers its strength . Low temperatures in winter cause soil freezing and upheaval if the soil is wet and apt to ...
... foundation loses its strength and the pipe can deform to a large extent . By the end of summer the foundation dries up and recovers its strength . Low temperatures in winter cause soil freezing and upheaval if the soil is wet and apt to ...
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Common terms and phrases
accretion analysis annulus Arctic Engineering Arctic Ocean axial loading behavior bending stiffness Bohai buckle arrestor cable calculated carrier pipe catenary coefficient collapse compressive Conference on Offshore configuration corrosion crack damping ratio deepwater defect deformation Det Norske Veritas developed diameter displacement dynamic elastic experimental failure pressures Figure finite element finite element analysis flexible pipe flowline fluid fracture freespans gauge grooves heat transfer heat transfer coefficient hummocks ice force ice load ice sheet increase installation insulation internal pressure layer length liner maximum Mechanics and Arctic method Offshore Mechanics operation parameters PETROBRAS phase pipeline pipeline system plastic predicted ratio reeling Rio de Janeiro riser system risk sagging sand scour sea ice seabed shear stress simulation soil specimens stamukhas steel strain strain gauges stress structure subsea surface temperature tension tests thermal thickness titanium values velocity water depth weld wrinkle