Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach

ability activity adaptive adult alarm calls allele animal behavior anole ants aphids bees Behavioral Ecology benefits biological birds black-headed gull bluegill brain breeding butterfly cells Chapter colony Color competition cooperation copulate courtship cues cycle damselfly defense detect developmental display dominant effects eggs environment evolution evolutionary evolved example experience feeding female's fertilize Figure flies foraging gametes genes genetic genotype gulls habitat hive honeybee hormonal human hypothesis inclusive fitness individuals infanticide insects kin selection kittiwake larvae living male's males and females mate mechanisms moth nectar nervous system nest neural neurons offspring parental pattern pheromone Photograph physiological polyandry polygyny population potential predators prediction prey produce progeny rats reared receptive receptors relatively reproductive success response Science sensory sexual selection signals snakes social Sociobiology song sounds species sperm stimulation strategy survival territory testosterone toad traits wasp white-crowned sparrow wings workers young