Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach |
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Page 247
... reproductive success . As we noted earlier , very large poplar leaves are a limited resource on trees with many aphids ; there may be 10-20 females for every premium leaf . The owner of the basal position on a 15 - cm2 leaf will on ...
... reproductive success . As we noted earlier , very large poplar leaves are a limited resource on trees with many aphids ; there may be 10-20 females for every premium leaf . The owner of the basal position on a 15 - cm2 leaf will on ...
Page 409
... reproductive success of the already - established fe- males who should try to keep her out but may not be able to . Long - term studies of the survival rate and reproductive success of marked individuals in harems of different sizes are ...
... reproductive success of the already - established fe- males who should try to keep her out but may not be able to . Long - term studies of the survival rate and reproductive success of marked individuals in harems of different sizes are ...
Page 475
... reproductive success . Like short - term cooperation and long - term reciprocity , these actions can evolve through individual ( natural ) selection . But helpful actions that permanently reduce a helper's reproductive success cannot ...
... reproductive success . Like short - term cooperation and long - term reciprocity , these actions can evolve through individual ( natural ) selection . But helpful actions that permanently reduce a helper's reproductive success cannot ...
Contents
NATURAL SELECTION | 5 |
Alternative Hypotheses | 11 |
Experimental Tests of Evolutionary Predictions | 17 |
Copyright | |
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ability activity adaptive adult alarm calls allele animal behavior anole ants aphids bees Behavioral Ecology benefits biological birds black-headed gull bluegill brain breeding butterfly cells Chapter colony Color competition cooperation copulate courtship cues cycle damselfly defense detect developmental display dominant effects eggs environment evolution evolutionary evolved example experience feeding female's fertilize Figure flies foraging gametes genes genetic genotype gulls habitat hive honeybee hormonal human hypothesis inclusive fitness individuals infanticide insects kin selection kittiwake larvae living male's males and females mate mechanisms moth nectar nervous system nest neural neurons offspring parental pattern pheromone Photograph physiological polyandry polygyny population potential predators prediction prey produce progeny rats reared receptive receptors relatively reproductive success response Science sensory sexual selection signals snakes social Sociobiology song sounds species sperm stimulation strategy survival territory testosterone toad traits wasp white-crowned sparrow wings workers young