Reluctant reformers: racism and social reform movements in the United States

abolition abolitionism active African agitation Alliance American became black abolitionists black community black labor black leaders black male suffrage black voters black women black workers Bois campaign capitalist century colonial Communist convention craft unions demands Democrats discrimination disfranchisement domination economic Elizabeth Cady Stanton emancipation employers equal rights federal feminists Fifteenth Amendment force Frederick Douglass free blacks Garrison Garvey groups Ibid ideology imperialism independent industrial issue Journal of Negro labor movement leadership liberation lynching ment militant monopoly capital NAACP Negro History Niagara Movement nonwhite North Northern opposed oppression Pan-Africanism Party party's political population Populist prejudice Progressive question race racial equality racism radical reform movements Republicans role Roosevelt segregation self-determination slave system slavery Social Darwinism social reform socialist South Southern suffragists tion trade unions Trotskyist Trotter vote W.E.B. Du Bois Watson white abolitionists white farmers white supremacy white women white workers woman suffrage woman's rights York