Fundamentals of Structural GeologyFundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. Assuming a basic knowledge of physical geology, introductory calculus and physics, it emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational skills, necessary to quantitatively map, describe, model, and explain deformation in Earth's lithosphere. By starting from the fundamental conservation laws of mass and momentum, the constitutive laws of material behavior, and the kinematic relationships for strain and rate of deformation, the authors demonstrate the relevance of solid and fluid mechanics to structural geology. This book offers a modern quantitative approach to structural geology for advanced students and researchers in structural geology and tectonics. It is supported by a website hosting images from the book, additional colour images, student exercises and MATLAB scripts. Solutions to the exercises are available to instructors. |
Contents
Preface page ix | 8 |
Structural mapping techniques and tools | 25 |
Characterizing structures using differential | 75 |
Physical quantities fields dimensions | 120 |
Deformation and flow | 152 |
Force traction and stress | 194 |
Conservation of mass and momentum | 243 |
Elastic deformation | 287 |
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Common terms and phrases
angle approximately axes axial axis behavior body force boundary conditions Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system circle compressive compressive stress constant contour coordinate system curvature curvature vector curve defined deformation density derivative dike dimensionless direction displacement elastic equations example fault field flow function geologists geometry Henry Mountains horizontal indicial notation initial isotropic kinematic laboratory laccolith layer length linear linear elastic magma magnitude material measured mechanical momentum motion normal stress normal vector orientation parallel parameter particle perturbing planar element plane plate Poisson's ratio Pollard position vector pressure principal stress quantities radius ratio referred rock mass sandstone scalar scale shear stress side slip solution spatial sphere strain stress components structural geology surface tangent vector tectonic tensile tensor thickness tion traction vector uniaxial unit normal velocity vertical viscous viscous fluid volume Young's modulus zero zone ду