The Economic Burden of Providing Health Insurance: How Much Worse Off Are Small Firms?More than 60 percent of nonelderly Americans receive health-insurance (HI) coverage through employers, either as policyholders or as dependents. However, rising health-care costs are leading many to question the long-term viability of the employer-based insurance system. Concerns about the economic burden of providing HI are particularly acute for small businesses, which are both less likely than larger firms to offer HI and more sensitive to price when deciding to offer insurance. Small firms may have difficulty containing costs due to their limited bargaining power and their inability to hire experts skilled in negotiating with insurance companies. Further, while few recent studies have systematically explored differences in the quality of HI plans that small and large firms offer, small firms may offer health plans of lower quality. To better understand these issues, researchers from the Kauffman-RAND Institute for Entrepreneurship Public Policy (KRI) explored trends in the economic burden associated with HI provision, as well as the distribution of this burden, for small and large businesses. They also considered the quality of plans that small and large firms offer. |
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CHAPTER THREE | 6 |
The OperatingUnit Perspective | 9 |
Characterizing Alternative Strategies in Terms of Implications | 17 |
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adaptiveness Afghanistan AFRICOM aircraft alternative strategies Analytic Baseline Army BCTS assessment assumptions bomber Build CENTCOM CG(X COCOM COIN combatant commands Congressional Budget Office counterinsurgency Davis Defend Global strategy defense planning Detail Detail Detail develop Direct GWOT/COIN strategy discount rate effectiveness Enhanced estimate EUCOM evaluations exploratory analysis Figure Force Shifts force structure Foreign assistance Gompert green water squadron ground forces GWOT HALE UAV illustrative Investment option Iraq Islamist Level 1 measure LG LG LG MALE UAV squadrons methodology Middle East missile defense monograph National Command national missile defense net present value NORTHCOM Notional 20-Year Cost O&S costs objectives operating units Overall risk PACOM percent perspectives portfolio analysis Programs and Force RAND region resource implications Respond to Rising Rising China strategy scenarios SOCOM SOF training company South Korea SOUTHCOM strat STRATCOM tive U.S. forces U.S. government U.S. Navy unmanned aerial vehicles USAF