0. erraticus Lucas, 1849; described from Algeria and now known in

Iran, Turkey, and throughout much of the European and African Mediterranean area as well as in French West Africa, Kenya, and Uganda. This tick chiefly inhabits rodent burrows, some times lairs and dens of other animals, and pigsties. It also may parasitize man, reptiles, toads, and birds. The very extensive literature on 0. erraticus will be reviewed in Volume II of this work.

0. foleyi Parrot, 1928; single female described from the Algerian

Sahara. Description repeated by Foley (1929). A synonym of
0. foleyi is o. franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, 1930(B) from
Libya; cf. Roubaud and Colas_Belcour (1931). As 0. lahorensis,
Q. lahorensis group, or 0. franchinii from Libya by Franchini
71927, 1928B, 1932A,B,1933A,D, 1934A, 1935A,1937) and Franchini
and Taddia (1930); in these reports, the general remarks and
those concerning fever in man as a result of bites do not ap
pear to be based on sound evidence; the biological differ-
ences" (1934A) are pointless. Morphology and generic dis
cussion (Warburton 1933); cf. remarks herein under Argas
brumoti (page 88). Presence in Southeastern Egypt (Hoogstraal

and Kaiser 1956). Life cycle (Davis and Mavros 1956D). 0. graingeri Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953(A); all stages described

from coral cave near sea, Mombasa. Life history (Heisch and
Harvey 1953). Infected with spirochetes (Heisch 1953).
Parasitizing bats (Garnham and Heisch 1953). Parasitizing
porcupines and man (Heisch 1954A). Note: The actual date
of publication of this species is 8 January 1953 although
the volume number is that of 1952.

0. normandi Larrousse, 1923; all stages described, life cycle, from

rodent burrows in Tunisia. Morphologic characters and biology (Colas_Belcour 1928). Egg laying and hatching (Colas-Belcour 1929A). Spirochete studies by Nicolle, Anderson, and Colas

Belcour (1927A,B,1928A,B,C,D,1930). [o. pavimentosus Neumann, 1901; reported from Southwest Africa.

Synonymized under 0. savignyi by Theiler and Hoogstraal
(1955). )

0. peringuevi Bedford and Hewitt, 1925; scanty descriptions and

illustrations of male, female, and nymph from South Africa. Cliff swallow as host' (Bedford 1929A, 19321). Failure to transmit Aegyptianella pullorum (Bedford and Coles 1933). All stages redescribed and reillustrated (Bedford 1934).

0. salahi Hoogstraal, 1953(B); a parasite of fruit bats in the

Nile Valley and Wadi Natroun (Western Desert) of Egypt;
also known from Palestine; all stages described; life

history. Absence of spirochetes (Davis and Hoogstraal 1954). 0. tholozani tholozani Laboulbene and Megnin, 1882(A); first des

cribed from Iran. An important Asiatic vector of spirochetes
of relapsing fever; the tholozani group consists of several
subspecies and related species; reviewed by Desportes and
Campana (1946). Rare in western Egypt and eastern Libya
(Coghill, Lawrence, and Ballentine 1947; Hoogstraal 19530)
but accused of transmitting spirochetes causing disease in
troops. Now known from several restricted, but large,
spirochete infected populations in Egypt (Davis and Hoog-
straal 1956) and from Jordan (Babudieri 1954,1955).

0. zumpti Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953(B); female and nymph des

cribed from burrow of rodent (Rhabdomys pumilio) in Cape
Province, South Africa, Onderstepoort collection material
recently sent by Dr. Theiler for identification includes
males, females, and nymphs from the nests of Aethomys and
?Tatera in Cape Province.

[o. lahorensis Neumann, 1908, an Asiatic-Near Eastern species,

said by Franchini (1929B, 1932B, 1935) and Garibaldi (1935) to occur in Libya; most probably does not extend its range

into North Africa. ]
0. sp. nov.; an undescribed species closely related to 0.

foleyi has recently been found in porcupine burrows near
Pretoria in the Union of South Africa (Theiler, corres
pondence).

Figures 39 and 40, 9, dorsal and ventral views

PLATE XIV

. 119.