IDENTIFICATION

Characters in the generic key readily identify this tick and separate it from the only other species in the Sudan.

Figures 124 and 125, d, dorsal and ventral views Figures 126 and 127, o, dorsal and ventral views

DERMACENTOR RHINOCERINUS

Sudan Specimens

PLATE XXXIX

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DERMACENT OR RHINOCERINUS (Denny, 1843) (= D. RHINOCEROTIS of authors)

The material from uncertain localities near the Sudan Uganda border, which was the basis of King's (1911,1926) reports of the rhinoceros dermacentor from the Sudan, was collected by him in 1909 and 1911.

The recent specimens from Magwe and from the game reserve just west of the Nile near Nimule establish this species on both the west and east banks of Equatoria Province.

DISTRIBUTION IN THE SUDAN

Bahr El Ghazal: All specimens from grass, near Yirol to 25 miles west of Yirol; 23 November 1954, E. T. M. Reid legit (700, 599). 9 June 1954, P. Blasdale legit (1o). Material in HH col

lection.

DISTRIBUTION

D. rhinocerinus parasitizes the black and the white rhinoceros in eastern and southern Africa and in the Belgian Congo.

CENTRAL AFRICA: BELGIAN CONGO (Schwetz 1927C. Bequaert 1930A, B,1931. Tonelli Rondelli 1930A).

NOTE: According to Theiler (correspondence), the record for Ruanda Urundi by Santos Dias (1954D) is in error.

EAST AFRICA: SUDAN (King 1911,1926. Hoogstraal 1954B).

ETHIOPIA (Warburton 1910. Neumann 1922. Neumann 1922. Stella 1940). ERITREA (Stella 1940). ITALIAN SOMALILAND (Pavesi 1895. Paoli 1916. Tonelli Rondelli 1930A. Niro 1935. Stella 1938A,1939A, 1940).

KENYA (Neumann 1912,1913,1922. Neave 1912. Anderson 1924A, B. Brassey-Edwards 1932. Lewis 1932A,1934). UGANDA (Neave 1912. Mettam 1932,1933. Wilson 1950C). TANGANYIKA (Gerstacker 1873. Neumann 19070,1910B,1913,1922. Morstatt 1913. Bequaert 1930A. Evans 1935. Schulze 1944A. J. B. Walker, unpublished, see HOSTS below).

SOUTHERN AFRICA: ANGOLA (Karsch 1878. Howard 1908. Bacelar 1950). MOZAMBIQUE (Howard 1908. Bedford 1932B. Santos Dias 1953B).

NORTHERN RHODESIA (Hoogstraal 1954C). SOUTHERN RHODESIA (Jack 1942. Specimens from Sebungwe: Theiler, correspondence). NYASALAND (Old 1909. Neave 1912. De Meza 1918A).

SOUTHWEST AFRICA (Theiler, unpublished). UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (Denny 1843. Gerstacker 1873. Gerstacker 1873. Howard 1908. Dönitz 1910B. Breijer 1915. Curson 1928. Bedford 1932B. The localities in the first four references cannot be accepted without question; only Zululand records are sure (Theiler, correspondence).

Specimens of "subspecies permaculatus" (see REMARKS below)

from "Zambeze" were reported by Neumann (1907°C,1910B).

NOTE: Records from ZANZIBAR (Howard 1908, quoted by later authors) probably result from the use of this name for East Africa by early writers.

HOSTS

The black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis subspp., and the white, or square-lipped, rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum subspp., are listed as hosts by all authors. The hosts of our Equatoria Province specimens listed above, if they were rhinoceros, represent both genera inasmuch as only the black rhinoceros occurs near Magwe east of the Nile and only the white rhinoceros occurs across from Nimile west of the Nile.

In Tanganyika each of several rhinoceros hosts of various ticks yielded small numbers of this species (J. B. Walker, unpublished).

King (1926) suspected, from the places in which he found specimens of this tick, that it may also attack the hippopotamus. Evans (1935) recorded domestic cattle and sheep as hosts in Tanga nyika. Lewis (1934) mentioned a domestic donkey in Kenya and De Meza (1918A) took specimens from domestic cattle in Nyasaland and from elephants in Tanganyika. Neumann (19070,1910B) listed an eland as host, and Mettam (1932) noted the jackal from Uganda.

BIOLOGY

Unstudied. Specimens are commonly reported from the hosts'

That the specific name rhinocerotis de Geer (1778), used by many authors for this species, actually applies to a distinct species in the genus Amblyomma was indicated by Dönitz (1910B).

Schulze (1932A) suggested that D. rhinocerinus be placed in the genus Amblyocentor on the basis of minor morphological pecu liarities. There is, however, little utility in fragmenting tick