Figures 186 and 187, o, dorsal and ventral views
Figures 188 and 189, o, dorsal and ventral views

A, Q, genital area. B to D, Q, genital area outline and profile.

B, unengorged.

C, partly engorged. D, fully engorged.

PLATE LIV

- 491

HY ALOMMA TRUNCATUM Koch, 1844.

(Figures 186 to 189)

THE AFRICAN HYALOMMA

NOTE: The Nuttall school referred to H. truncatum as H. aegyptium. During the past five years, most authors have called this species H. transiens, the authority for which has been at tributed to Schulze (1919) or to Delpy (1946A). Feldman Muhsam's (1954) studies of Koch's type specimens leave no doubt that this species is Koch's (1844) H. truncatum. Feldman Muhsam (op. cit.) has also compared the type specimens of several of Schulze's African "species" and found them to be identical with H. truncatum. These are noted below in the distribution section.

Bahr El Ghazal: Galual Nyang Forest (Large numbers of adults from several giraffes in March, May, and June; SVS. Moderate num bers of adults from forest buffalos from February through April; SVS, HH. Small numbers of adults from tiang, roan antelope, domestic horse, and on ground from February to April; SVS, HH). Fanjak (Small numbers of adults from cattle, February and March; SVS, HH). Wau (roan antelope; SGC). Yirol (cattle; SVS).

Note: The following records consist of one to ten adult specimens per collection unless otherwise mentioned.

Upper Nile: Makier (cattle; SVS).

Blue Nile: Lake Ras Amer (camel; SGC). Hassa Heissa (camel; G. Kohls det., G. B. Thompson, correspondence). Wad Medani (cattle and camels; HH).

Darfur: Nyala (camel; SVS). Muhagariya (horses, donkeys, cattle, and camels; SVS). Zalingei (camels, cattle, horses, donkeys, and goats; SVS). Kulme (no host record; BMNH). Radom (cattle; SVS).

Kordofan: Talodi and Heiban (cattle; Svs).

Khartoum: Apparently not established in this Province but arrives in fairly large numbers on Kordofan and Darfur cattle for export to foreign markets; HH.7

Kassala: Kassala (goats; SVS). See EGYPT below.

Northern: Rare in this Province but arrives at the Wadi Halfa Quarantine on cattle en route to Egypt. Known only from report by Chodziesner (1924) from Delgo.

DISTRIBUTION

H. truncatum is the sole endemic representative of this genus that is widely spread throughout the Ethiopian Faunal Region (Figure 1) and nowhere else. It commonly occurs in the drier parts of this Region but appears to increase in numbers

towards and north of the equator. It is rare or absent in forests of western Africa.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: CANARY ISLANDS (Specimens from dogs, Tene_ rife, 1906, in BMNH collections; HH det.).

NORTH AFRICA: EGYPT (Occurs only in Gebel Elba area of extreme Southeastern Egypt adjacent to Sudan frontier (Kassala Province); numerous males arrive at the Cairo abattoir on cattle from the Sudan and East Africa but this species has not established itself as a result of these introductions: Hoogstraal, ms.).

WEST AFRICA:

FRENCH WEST AFRICA (As H. truncatum sp. nov.; Koch 1844. As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Schulze 1919. As H. transiens: Rousselot 1951,1953B). GAMBIA (Numerous spec imens in single lot from cattle in BMNH collections; HH det.).

PORTUGESE GUINEA (As H. savignyi: Tendeiro 1948,1949A, 1951F,1952A,C,D. From Tendeiro's 1949A discussion it is evident that he is referring to H. truncatum (= H. transiens) but prefers to call it H. savignyi. It is likely that one to three other Hyalomma species occur in Portugese Guinea).

NIGERIA (As H. aegyptium: Simpson 1912A,B. As H. impressum transiens: Unsworth 1949. As H. impressum subsp.: Gambles 1951. As H. transiens: Unsworth 1952. See HOSTS below). GOLD COAST (As H. aegyptium: Simpson 1914). TOGO (Feldman Muhsam 1954 states that H. impressum brunneiparmatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, is a synonym of H. truncatum; however, from examination of Miss J. B. Walker's Kenya reared material of H. albi parmatum, in which the parma varies in size and color, it is evident that H. brunneiparmatum is a synonym of H. albiparmatum).

CENTRAL AFRICA: CAMEROONS (As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodziesner 1924. As H. transiens: Rageau 1951,1953. Rousselot 1951,1953B. Unsworth 1952). FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA (As H. nitidum from "New Cameroons": Schulze 1919. Chodziesner 1924. As H. Impressum nitidum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. Kratz 1940. See also Feldman Muhsam 1954. As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodziesner 1924. Chodziesner 1924. As H. transiens: Rousselot 1951, 1953B). BELGIAN CONGO (As H. transiens: Theiler and Robinson 1954).

EAST AFRICA: "EAST AFRICA (As H. planum and H. zambesianum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930).

SUDAN (As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodziesner 1924. Kratz 1940. As H. impressum luteipes: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. As H. transiens: Hoogstraal 1954B).

ETHIOPIA (As H. impressum transiens and H. impressum nitida: Stella 19398,1940. As H, aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodzies ner 1924). ERITREA (As H. impressum transiens: Tonelli Rondelli 1930A,1932C. Niro 1935. Stella 1939A,1940. Common in many parts of Eritrea: HH). FRENCH SOMALILAND (As H. transiens: Hoogstraal 1953D). BRITISH SOMALILAND (Numerous specimens from camels in BMNH collections; HH det.). ITALIAN SOMALILAND (As H. aegyptium impressum: Paoli 1916. As H. aegyptium impressum form transiens: Tonelli Rondelli 1926A,1935. Stella 1940. See HOSTS below).

As

KENYA AS H. impressum transiens: Daubney (1937). As H. transiens: Binns (1951,1952). As H. impressum near planum: Fotheringham and Lewis (1937). As H. truncatum: Feldman Muhsam (1954). Hoogstraal (1954C). See also H. albiparmatum, p.

See HOSTS below.

H. lewisi Schulze (1936E) is a synonym of H. truncatum and not of H. excavatum as stated by Delpy (1949E); it is also not a "Hyalommina as stated by Schulze (1936E). Schulze identified material of "H. lewisi" consists of small, stunted, misshapen H. truncatum (seen by HH); in this Feldman Muhsam (1954) is in agree ment. Kratz (1940) also referred to H. lewisi from Kenya. page

See

Lewis (see bibliography) mentions Hyalomma ticks under a variety of names. Most specimens in his large collections now in British Museum (Natural History) are H. truncatum among which H. rufipes is frequently mixed and other species are sometimes Included. The H. truncatum specimens had been identified by Lewis as H. impressum, H. dromedarii, and H. aegyptium; this confusion is understandable due to the unsatisfactory informa tion available in literature at that time.7

UGANDA (As H. impressum transiens: Wilson 1950C. As H. transiens: Wilson 1953. Common in many Uganda collections studied by Theiler and by HH).