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DOMESTIC MAMMALS

CAMELS, common in the north, graze down to the southern grass lands in the dry season but not to the Bahr El Arab toich. These animals transport goods throughout northern and central Sudan. They are infested chiefly by H. rufipes, possibly the most common tick of Darfur, and frequently by smaller numbers of H. dromedarii H. impeltatum, H. impressum, and H. truncatum. O. savignyi also occurs and R. s. simus is present in a single collection. Few specimens of H. dromedarii from camels are included but most collections from Darfur cattle include several specimens of this tick.

DOMESTIC RABBITS are parasitized by R. s. sanguineus.

DOGS carry R. s. sanguineus and a single lot of H. 1. leachii has been obtained.

HORSES, DONKEYS, and MULES are common and of good breeds. They are usually infested by a number of B. decoloratus and H. rufipes. Most collections also contain H. dromedarii, H. Impressum, and H. truncatum and several Include H. impeltatum, R. S. sanguineus, and R. s. simus. 0. savignyi has also been collected from a horse.

CATTLE and goats and sheep are numerous in Darfur. It is said that sheep are more common and important than goats here. Cattle migrate over a wide area, feeding on the Bahr El Arab toich during the dry season and grazing up to 13°N. during the rains.

Herds in each of the areas represented are most heavily par asitized by H. rufipes, the total number of specimens of which equal those of all other species. Also common but fewer in num bers are H. dromedarii, H. truncatum, H. impressum, and H. impel tatum. A few specimens of A. lepidum, A. variegatum, B. decola ratus and R. s. sanguineus are also present.

GOATS and SHEEP include R. e. evertsi in all collections but this tick has not been found on other Darfur hosts. Less numerous but frequent are R. s. sanguineus, H. rufipes, and H. truncatum. Single collections contain H. dromedarii from goats and B. decolo ratus from sheep.

KORDOFAN PROVINCE*

The very few available data from Kordofan are divided between collections from El Obeid, in the short grass scattered acacia region, and from various localities in the southwestern Nuba Mountain area. The Nuba Mountains, which reach an altitude of some 5000 feet, with permanent water supplies in the mountains and nearby plains, influence the area sufficiently to allow the survival of such tropical ticks as A. variegatum and R. s. simus. The gradual gradation of the plains from acacia tall grass forest to desert scrub in the north is similar to that of Darfur.

REPTILIA

A. brumpti infests the LIZARD Agama colonorum in the Nuba Mountains; A. exornatum has been taken from Varanus e. exanthe maticus at Kmuwei, and A. nuttalli is known from a LAND TORTOISE at Talodi.

AVES

GUINEA FOWL examined for A. brumpti were free of this tick (page 84). A BUSTARD in the Koalib Hills provided R. s. sangui

neus.

MAMMALIA

The presence of A. brumpti in the Nuba Mountains infers parasitism of small mammals.

R. s. sanguineus has been found on HEDGEHOGS at Heiban, and Delami (numerous in both localities), on a HARE at Delami, on a FOX in the Koalib Hills, and on a KUDU on Jebel Tabuli.

DOMESTIC FOWLS

A. persicus occurs at Delami.

*Kordofan data were obtained largely by Mr. C. Karrar of the Sudan Veterinary Service. The few wild animal records are from Sudan Government and the HH collections.

DOMESTIC MAMMALS

CAMELS bear H. dromedarii, H. excavatum, and H. impressum, and 0. savignyi also feeds on them.

PIGS at Tabanga are infested by R. s. sanguineus and R. s. simus.

HORSES provide H. excavatum at El Obeid and R. s. simus at Talodi.

MULES at Talodi yield R. e. evertsi.

CATTLE populations and movements are comparable to those of Darfur. Herds at El Obeid and northwards are infested by B. decoloratus, H. dromedarii, H. excavatum, H. marginatum, H. rufipes, and R. s. sanguineus. B. decoloratus is probably chiefly transported this far north. In the south herds are parasitized by A. variegatum, B. annulatus, B. decoloratus, H. impressum, H. rufipes, H. truncatum, and R. s. simus. A Tew B. annulatus and H. detritum have been taken from Kordofan cattle at Quarantine Stations.

SHEEP and GOATS have provided specimens of H. excavatum from El Obeid and of H. dromedarii, R. e. evertsi, R. s. sangui neus, and R. s. simus from the west and south.

BLUE NILE PROVINCE*

The chief tick species and a few of the more uncommon ones are known from this Province but collections have been sparse, scattered, and uneven. Careful surveying should show differences between tick faunae in the sparse grass semidesert north of Wad Medani, the acacia short grass scrub southwards that becomes

*Most Blue Nile data were supplied by Sudan Government veterina rians and by the writer's collections from Wad Medani. Specimens from wild animals are from Sudan Government collections, Mr. D. J. Lewis, and Museum of Comparative Zoology.

acacia tall grass forest south of Singa, and the heavily cultivated, irrigated fields of the Gezira Scheme.

REPTILIA

Infestation of LIZARDS by A. brumpti, specimens of which have been secured at Gebelein and in Blue Nile districts appears likely. A. exornatum has been taken from monitor liz ards at Singa and Hassa Heissa.

AVES

A male and two female R. s. sanguineus parasitized a "large VULTURE at Wad Medani.

MAMMALIA

A. brumpti is assumed to infest a variety of small mammals in this Province but definite records are lacking.

HEDGEHOGS at Hodft and Hosh provided several pairs of R. s sanguineus.

A CHEETAH in the Sennar area has been reported to be in fested by A. lepidum and specimens of H. 1. leachii were taken from a CARACAL. At Wad Medani, eight H. Teachii muhs ami and several R. s. sanguineus occurred on a MONGOOSE.

GROUND SQUIRRELS at Roseires parasitized by H. houyi have been reported.

MAN

A male A. lepidum was taken at Wad Medani feeding between the toes of a man.

DOMESTIC FOWLS

A. persicus is present in several localities.

DOMESTIC MAMMALS

CAMELS are heavily infested by 0. savignyi at Wad Medani and Kosti. Material from Wad Raiya has also been seen. This tampan

probably occurs in most areas where camels are employed. A. lepidum is also common but specimens of H. dromedarii are res tricted to the northern half of the Province as are those of H. excavatum. H. rufipes and R. s. sanguineus are represented by single collections and H. truncatum by scattered collections. R. e. evertsi, although common on equines, goats, and sheep, is not present in collections from camels.

HORSES, DONKEYS, and MULES throughout Blue Nile are fre quently parasitized by R. e. evertsi and to a lesser extent by R. s. sanguineus. A. lepidum is not uncommon on these hosts. Numerous H. excavatum occur on some horses at Wad Medani.

G

DOGS bear numerous R. s. sanguineus.

CATTLE are localized in Blue Nile Province. Large areas, although apparently suitable for grazing and close to markets and transportation, support little livestock. In cultivated areas some work animals are employed. In Kosti District, the Baggara tribes do, however, maintain large herds of cattle, goats, and sheep, and migrate with them to northern Kordof an or down to Er Renk in search of grazing. Other pastoral tribes inhabit the area between the Blue Nile and Kassala.

Herds are commonly parasitized by A. lepidum and, at Wad Medani, by H. rufipes. B. decoloratus, A. variegatum, and R. s. simus are represented by single collections from the southern half of the Province, while H. excavatum and H. dromedarii in fest cattle in the northern half. H. truncatum is present in scattered localities.

S.

GOATS and SHEEP are hosts of R. e. evertsi and R. s. sanguineus. Comparatively heavy infestations of either or both of these species are common in most areas of Blue Nile Province.

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