Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical ChemistrySomenath Mitra The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences. |
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Page 6
... contain random error, the result from a single mea- surement cannot be accepted as the true value. An estimate of this error is necessary to predict within what range the true value may lie, and this is done by repeating a measurement ...
... contain random error, the result from a single mea- surement cannot be accepted as the true value. An estimate of this error is necessary to predict within what range the true value may lie, and this is done by repeating a measurement ...
Page 19
... contain no empty space ( headspace ) is the most common method of minimizing volatilization . Solid samples can be topped with a liquid to eliminate headspace . The volatiles cannot equilibrate between the sample and the vapor phase ...
... contain no empty space ( headspace ) is the most common method of minimizing volatilization . Solid samples can be topped with a liquid to eliminate headspace . The volatiles cannot equilibrate between the sample and the vapor phase ...
Page 20
... contain microorganisms , which may degrade the sam- ple biologically . Extreme pH ( high or low ) and low temperature can mini- mize microbial degradation . Adding biocides such as mercuric chloride or pentachlorophenol can also kill ...
... contain microorganisms , which may degrade the sam- ple biologically . Extreme pH ( high or low ) and low temperature can mini- mize microbial degradation . Adding biocides such as mercuric chloride or pentachlorophenol can also kill ...
Page 22
... contain hundreds of compounds. These produce complex chromatograms, where the identification of analytes of interest becomes difficult. This is especially true if the analyte is present at a much lower concentration than the interfering ...
... contain hundreds of compounds. These produce complex chromatograms, where the identification of analytes of interest becomes difficult. This is especially true if the analyte is present at a much lower concentration than the interfering ...
Page 23
... containing oil residuals ) may require multiple cleanup steps . On the other hand , drinking water samples are relatively cleaner ( as many large molecules either precipitate out or do not dissolve in it ) and may not require cleanup ...
... containing oil residuals ) may require multiple cleanup steps . On the other hand , drinking water samples are relatively cleaner ( as many large molecules either precipitate out or do not dissolve in it ) and may not require cleanup ...
Contents
1 | |
SECTION A EXTRACTION AND ENRICHMENT IN SAMPLE PREPARATION | 37 |
CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLID MATRICES | 139 |
CHAPTER 4 EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | 183 |
CHAPTER 5 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR METALS ANALYSIS | 227 |
SECTION B SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS | 271 |
CHAPTER 7 SAMPLE PREPARATION IN RNA ANALYSIS | 301 |
CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES FOR THE EXTRACTION ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS | 331 |
SECTION C SAMPLE PREPARATION IN MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY | 377 |
CHAPTER 10 SURFACE ENHANCEMENT BY SAMPLE AND SUBSTRATE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES IN RAMAN AND INFRARED SPEC... | 413 |
INDEX | 439 |
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Common terms and phrases
acetate adsorbed agarose Anal analysis analyte applications aqueous phase automated beads buffer capillary carbon cell centrifugation Chem chemical Chromatogr chromatography cleanup coating column concentration containing desorption digestion dilute dissolved EDTA electron electrophoresis elution Environmental ethanol fiber headspace heating Henry's law hexane HPLC hydrophobic injection interactions isolation isopropanol layer liquid lysis materials membrane metals method microwave minutes molecular molecules mRNA nucleic acids organic compounds organic solvent oxide particles PDMS pellet permission from Ref phenol plasmid plasmid DNA polar polymer precipitation pressure procedure proteinase K proteins Raman reagents recovery Reprinted with permission sample matrix sample preparation sample volume SBSE Schematic semivolatile separation SERS shown in Figure sodium soil solid solid-phase extraction solubility solution sorbed sorbent sorption Soxhlet Soxhlet extraction species specimen spectroscopy SPME standard step stir bar supercritical supercritical fluid surface techniques temperature tion tissue trap tube vapor volatile
Popular passages
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Page ii - A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
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