Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical ChemistrySomenath Mitra The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences. |
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... Soil Samples 237 5.3 . Dry Ashing 240 5.3.1 . Organic Extraction of Metals 241 5.3.2 . Extraction with Supercritical Fluids 5.3.3 . Ultrasonic Sample Preparation 244 245 5.4. Solid-Phase Extraction for Preconcentration 245 5.5. Sample ...
... Soil Samples 237 5.3 . Dry Ashing 240 5.3.1 . Organic Extraction of Metals 241 5.3.2 . Extraction with Supercritical Fluids 5.3.3 . Ultrasonic Sample Preparation 244 245 5.4. Solid-Phase Extraction for Preconcentration 245 5.5. Sample ...
Page xii
... Soils and Sediments 258 5.10.3. Sequential Schemes for Metals in Soil or Sediment 259 5.10.4. Speciation for Metals in Plant Materials 260 5.10.5. Speciation of Specific Elements 262 5.11. Contamination during Metal Analysis 263 5.12 ...
... Soils and Sediments 258 5.10.3. Sequential Schemes for Metals in Soil or Sediment 259 5.10.4. Speciation for Metals in Plant Materials 260 5.10.5. Speciation of Specific Elements 262 5.11. Contamination during Metal Analysis 263 5.12 ...
Page 5
... soil with a high organic content . Calibration Curves The most common calibration method is to prepare standards of known concentrations , covering the concentration range expected in the sample . The matrix of the standard should be as ...
... soil with a high organic content . Calibration Curves The most common calibration method is to prepare standards of known concentrations , covering the concentration range expected in the sample . The matrix of the standard should be as ...
Page 6
Somenath Mitra. dards can be made by spiking clean soil with known quantities of lead. Then the standards are taken through the entire process of extraction and analysis. Finally, the instrument response is plotted as a function of ...
Somenath Mitra. dards can be made by spiking clean soil with known quantities of lead. Then the standards are taken through the entire process of extraction and analysis. Finally, the instrument response is plotted as a function of ...
Page 18
... soil Cool to 4 ° C Glass or Teflon Fish tissues Freeze Biochemical oxy- gen demand Cool to 4 ° C Plastic or glass Chemical oxygen demand Cool to 4 ° C Plastic or glass 28 days ( Continued ) 100 10-1 102 Henry's Law Constant , H ( atm 18 ...
... soil Cool to 4 ° C Glass or Teflon Fish tissues Freeze Biochemical oxy- gen demand Cool to 4 ° C Plastic or glass Chemical oxygen demand Cool to 4 ° C Plastic or glass 28 days ( Continued ) 100 10-1 102 Henry's Law Constant , H ( atm 18 ...
Contents
1 | |
SECTION A EXTRACTION AND ENRICHMENT IN SAMPLE PREPARATION | 37 |
CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLID MATRICES | 139 |
CHAPTER 4 EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | 183 |
CHAPTER 5 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR METALS ANALYSIS | 227 |
SECTION B SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS | 271 |
CHAPTER 7 SAMPLE PREPARATION IN RNA ANALYSIS | 301 |
CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES FOR THE EXTRACTION ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS | 331 |
SECTION C SAMPLE PREPARATION IN MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY | 377 |
CHAPTER 10 SURFACE ENHANCEMENT BY SAMPLE AND SUBSTRATE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES IN RAMAN AND INFRARED SPEC... | 413 |
INDEX | 439 |
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Common terms and phrases
acetate adsorbed agarose Anal analysis analyte applications aqueous phase automated beads buffer capillary carbon cell centrifugation Chem chemical Chromatogr chromatography cleanup coating column concentration containing desorption digestion dilute dissolved EDTA electron electrophoresis elution Environmental ethanol fiber headspace heating Henry's law hexane HPLC hydrophobic injection interactions isolation isopropanol layer liquid lysis materials membrane metals method microwave minutes molecular molecules mRNA nucleic acids organic compounds organic solvent oxide particles PDMS pellet permission from Ref phenol plasmid plasmid DNA polar polymer precipitation pressure procedure proteinase K proteins Raman reagents recovery Reprinted with permission sample matrix sample preparation sample volume SBSE Schematic semivolatile separation SERS shown in Figure sodium soil solid solid-phase extraction solubility solution sorbed sorbent sorption Soxhlet Soxhlet extraction species specimen spectroscopy SPME standard step stir bar supercritical supercritical fluid surface techniques temperature tion tissue trap tube vapor volatile
Popular passages
Page 329 - A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. 24. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF, and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual.
Page 329 - FM Ausubel, R. Brent, RE Kingston, DD Moore, JG Seidman, JA Smith, and K. Struhl, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1995.
Page 183 - Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.
Page 300 - Saiki, RK, DH Gelfand, S. Stoffel, SJ Scharf, R. Higuchi, GT Horn, KB Mullis, and HA Erlich. 1988. Primerdirected enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase.
Page 132 - The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes', Wiley, New York, 1980.
Page 329 - PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1995.
Page 98 - Method selection guide for the isolation of organic compounds from solution. SAX = strong anion exchanger; SCX = strong cation exchanger; WCX = weak cation exchanger; RP = reversed-phase sampling conditions; NP = normal-phase sampling conditions; IE = ionexchange sampling conditions.
Page ii - A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
Page 135 - Coordinating supercritical fluid and solidphase extraction with chromatographic and immunoassay analysis of herbicides, in MT Meyer and EM Thurman, eds., Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater, ACS Symposium Series 630, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1996, pp.
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