Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical ChemistrySomenath Mitra The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences. |
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Page 5
... solvent , the standards should be prepared in the same solvent . The calibration curve is a plot of detector response as a function of concentration . A typical calibra- tion curve is shown in Figure 1.3 . It is used to determine the ...
... solvent , the standards should be prepared in the same solvent . The calibration curve is a plot of detector response as a function of concentration . A typical calibra- tion curve is shown in Figure 1.3 . It is used to determine the ...
Page 21
... solvent to be removed is not very large and the analyte is nonvolatile, the solvent can be vaporized by a gentle stream of nitrogen gas flowing either across the surface or through the solution. This is shown in Figure 1.6. Care should ...
... solvent to be removed is not very large and the analyte is nonvolatile, the solvent can be vaporized by a gentle stream of nitrogen gas flowing either across the surface or through the solution. This is shown in Figure 1.6. Care should ...
Page 24
... solvent extraction is shaken with water that is strongly basic . The basic and neutral components stay in the organic solvent , whereas the acid analytes partition into the aqueous phase . The organic phase is concentrated and is ready ...
... solvent extraction is shaken with water that is strongly basic . The basic and neutral components stay in the organic solvent , whereas the acid analytes partition into the aqueous phase . The organic phase is concentrated and is ready ...
Page 25
Somenath Mitra. Sampling Solvent extraction Acids Phenols Base/neutral Extraction with basic solution Aqueous phase acids and phenols Basic and neutral fraction Acidified and extracted with organic solvent Concentrate Concentrate ...
Somenath Mitra. Sampling Solvent extraction Acids Phenols Base/neutral Extraction with basic solution Aqueous phase acids and phenols Basic and neutral fraction Acidified and extracted with organic solvent Concentrate Concentrate ...
Page 27
... solvent composi- tion, extraction time, temperature, and even the rate of agitation. All these parameters need to be controlled to reduce variability in measurement. Changing the extraction time will change the extraction efficiency ...
... solvent composi- tion, extraction time, temperature, and even the rate of agitation. All these parameters need to be controlled to reduce variability in measurement. Changing the extraction time will change the extraction efficiency ...
Contents
1 | |
SECTION A EXTRACTION AND ENRICHMENT IN SAMPLE PREPARATION | 37 |
CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLID MATRICES | 139 |
CHAPTER 4 EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | 183 |
CHAPTER 5 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR METALS ANALYSIS | 227 |
SECTION B SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS | 271 |
CHAPTER 7 SAMPLE PREPARATION IN RNA ANALYSIS | 301 |
CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES FOR THE EXTRACTION ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS | 331 |
SECTION C SAMPLE PREPARATION IN MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY | 377 |
CHAPTER 10 SURFACE ENHANCEMENT BY SAMPLE AND SUBSTRATE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES IN RAMAN AND INFRARED SPEC... | 413 |
INDEX | 439 |
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Common terms and phrases
acetate adsorbed agarose Anal analysis analyte applications aqueous phase automated beads buffer capillary carbon cell centrifugation Chem chemical Chromatogr chromatography cleanup coating column concentration containing desorption digestion dilute dissolved EDTA electron electrophoresis elution Environmental ethanol fiber headspace heating Henry's law hexane HPLC hydrophobic injection interactions isolation isopropanol layer liquid lysis materials membrane metals method microwave minutes molecular molecules mRNA nucleic acids organic compounds organic solvent oxide particles PDMS pellet permission from Ref phenol plasmid plasmid DNA polar polymer precipitation pressure procedure proteinase K proteins Raman reagents recovery Reprinted with permission sample matrix sample preparation sample volume SBSE Schematic semivolatile separation SERS shown in Figure sodium soil solid solid-phase extraction solubility solution sorbed sorbent sorption Soxhlet Soxhlet extraction species specimen spectroscopy SPME standard step stir bar supercritical supercritical fluid surface techniques temperature tion tissue trap tube vapor volatile
Popular passages
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Page ii - A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
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