Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys |
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Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys David A. Porter,K. E. Easterling No preview available - 1992 |
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alloy atoms austenite bainite carbides carbon cell cementite chemical potential close-packed coherent composition concentration continuous casting crystal structure curve decreases dendrites diffusion dislocations driving force effect entropy Equation equilibrium shape eutectic eutectoid example ferrite formation Gibbs free energy Gibbs-Thomson effect given GP zones grain boundary grow growth rate habit plane heat heterogeneous nucleation homogeneous nucleation illustrated in Fig incoherent interfaces increase interfacial energy interstitial isotherms jump lath lattice ledges liquid martensitic transformations matrix melting Metallurgical microstructure migration misfit molar free energy mould wall nucleation nucleation rate nucleus occur orientation relationship particles pearlite peritectic phase diagram Phase Transformations planar plate precipitate quenched radius schematically semicoherent interfaces shear shown in Fig shows Society for Metals solid/liquid interface solidification ẞ phase stable steel strain energy supercooling surface T₁ temperature gradient thermal tion twin undercooling vacancies volume weld ΑΙ