of the verb to be; the present and imperfect of the passive; the present and the second future active. The last, however, corresponds in termination, but not in formation. Among the exceptions should be reckoned the use of the conjunction if. There are instances, however, of the subjunctive form, when no conjunction is expressed, but in all such cases it is plainly understood; as, "Were I to go, he would not follow;" "Had he known me, he would have treated me differently; that is, "If I were to go." and "If he had known. Examples of this description are conjugated as follows:

544. The second person singular of all verbs* formerly (1.) ended in st as, "Thou hast," "Thou wast," &c. This form is still retained by that respectable class of person's denominated (2.) Friends, and in the Sacred (3.) Scriptures. (3.)

545. Eth, for the termination of the third person singular, obtained (4.) very generally till within a recent (5.) period, especially on grave (6.) and didactic (7.) subjects; as, "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear;" "Simple multiplication teacheth to repeat," &c. But the custom of the present day is decidedly (8.) against the usage. (9.)

546. The Scriptures abound (10.) with instances of the use of the pronoun ye for you: as, "Ye are the salt of the earth;" but it is scarcely to be met with in any standard works of modern date.

547. The following conjugation accords with the ancient usage of the verb. INDICATIVE PRESENT.

What exceptions? 542. How does the second future differ? 542. Will you explain the difference? 542. What is the sign of the subjunctive mood? 516. Is it always expressed? 542. Give an example. 542. Will you supply the conjunction?

Will you conjugate the verb to be in the subjunctive mood, imperfect tense, without its usual sign? In like manner conjugate love in the pluperfect.

Will you conjugate love in the present active, interrogative form? passive? neuter verb to be?

In what voice, mood, tense, number and person is "Do I study?" "Did she study?" "Were they dismissed?" "Are

we

By whom is this termination still retained? 544. In what writings? 544. Meaning of Sacred Scriptures? 544. What form of the third person singular obtained till recently? 545. Give an ex ample. 545.

Meaning of obtained? 545. Of recent?

545.

On what subjects was the termination eth used in writing? 545.

Meaning of gruve? of didactic? 545. In what writings do we find ye used for you? 546.

Is it common in modern works? 546. Will you conjugate love in the present active, according to the ancient usage? 547. passive? neuter verb to be?

In what number and person is "He hath"? "He hates"? "Thou lovest". "Thou hast"? "He learneth"? 66 Ye learn"? He rejoiceth"? "Thou art re joiced"?" Thou art"? "He weepeth"

(3.) The Bible. (4.) Prevailed.
(8.) Positively. (9.) Use.

(5.) Late. (6.) Seriou (10.) Have many.

1. We are loved.

2. Ye or you are loved.
3. They are loved.

Plural.

1. We are.

2. Ye or you arc.
3. They are.

2. Ye or you love. 3. They love. 548. For a further illustration of these obsolete conjugations, the learner is referred to those treatises on grammar in our schools, which profess to furnish him with a sure and infallible guide to the true and proper use of the English language.

RULE VI.

The nominative case governs the verb in number and

person.

RULE VII.

A verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person.

RULE VIII.

Active-transitive verbs govern the objective case.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

"William was admired for his prudence."

549. William is a PROPER NOUN, of the THIRD PERSON, SINGULAR NUMBER, MASCULINE GENDER, and in the NOMINATIVE CASE to was admired, agreeably to RULE VI.

Was admired is a REGULAR PASSIVE VERB, from the verb to admire" Pres. admire ; Imp. admired; Perf. part. admired. 1. I was admired; 2. You were admired; 3. He or William was admired"-made in the INDICATIVE MOOD, IMPERFECT TENSE, THIRD PERSON, SINGULAR NUMBER, and agrees with William, according to RULE VII.

For is a PREPOSITION.

His is a PERSONAL PRONOUN, of the THIRD PERSON, SINGULAR NUMBER, MASCULINE GENDER, and agrees with William, according to RULE V.-"Nom. he; Poss. his"-made in the POSSESSIVE CASE, and governed by prudence, by RULE I.

Prudence is a COMMON NOUN, of the THIRD PERSON, SINGULAR NUMBER, NEUTER GENDER, OBJECTIVE CASE, and governed by for, by RULE X.

EXERCISES IN PARSING CONTINUED.

"John was applauded for his elo-
quence.'
"The king was crowned at West-
minster Abbey."
"Thomas has been esteemed."

The business will be regulated."

"Addition teacheth"? "He that hath ears"? "He that sinneth"? "Thou lovedst"? "Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, or shouldst have lamented"? What is the rule for the agreement of the verb? rule for the nominative? rule by which verbs govern the objective case? William was admired for his prutence." Will you parse William? 549.

"The girl was ridiculed by her companions."

"Susan was respected for her virtuous conduct.

"James will be rewarded by his instructer."

was admired? 519. for? 549. his? 549. prudence? 549.

What is a passive verb? 444. How formed? 510. Why is admired regular 533.

Why is for a preposition? 246. Why is his a pronoun?

Will you now parse the remaining exercises?

"We may be esteemed."
"He might have been promoted."
"William would have been de-
throned."

2.

"Justice may have been stayed.'
"The task must be performed."
"We should not (1.) be easily (1.)
disheartened in a good cause.

"If he be learned.”

550. If is a coPULATIVE CONJUNCTION.

Be learned is a REGULAR PASSIVE VERB, from the verb to learn -“Pres. learn; Imper. learned; Perf. part. learned. 1. If I be learned; 2. If you be learned; 3. If he be learned"-made in the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD, SUBJUNCTIVE FORM, PRESENT TENSE, THIRD PERSON, SINGULAR NUMBER, and agrees with he, accord ing to RULE VII.

EXERCISES IN SYNTAX CONTINUED.

XLVI. OF IRREGULAR VERBS.

1. Irregular verbs are those which do not form their imperfect tense and perfect participle by the addition of d or

ed to the present tense; as,

"If he be learned." Will you parse if?

550. be learned? 550.

junctive mood? 456.

Why in the sub

Why in the subjunctive form? 463.
Will you parse the remaining exercises

in these lessons?

(1.) Adverb. (2) Irregular verb. (3.) For William and mother apply Rule XI. (4.) Adjective.

*Gotten is near y obsolete. Its compound, forgotten, is still in good use. t Ridden is nearly obsolete.

553. We say, "I have seen," ," "I had seen," and "I am seen," using the participle seen instead of the verb saw: hence,

NOTE VI. We should use participles, only, after have, and had, and the verb to be.

EXERCISES IN SYNTAX.

"John has written his copy."

554. Has written is an IRREGULAR ACTIVE-TRANSITIVE VERB, from the verb to write-" Pres. write; Imperf. wrote; Perf. part. written. 1. I have written; 2. You have written; 3. He or John has written"-found in the INDICATIVE MOOD, PERFECT TENSE, THIRD PERSON, Singular nuMBER, and agrees with John, by RULE VII.

John, copy, and his are parsed as before.

EXERCISES IN SYNTAX CONTINUED.

1.

"James found his little brother in the boat."

"The instructer makes good pens."

"The farmer ploughs the ground in spring."

"I may spend my time in the country."

"His copy was wrote well."
"He was smote on his cheek."
"John was awoke by the noise."
"My father has came."
"He come yesterday."

"Mary has chose the better part."
"He drunk to excess."

"The book was gave to me."

"His friends have forsook him "

"He was not forsook by his children." "The laborer worked for me forty days."

"He was took and bound."

"John has written his copy." Wil you parse has written?

Why is has written an irregular verb? 551. Why active? 439. Why transitive

440