Materials Selection for Process Plants

abrasion acid addition alkalies alloys aluminum aluminum alloys amounts annealed anode applications atmospheres attack austenitic base brasses carbon carbon steel cast iron cause cements cent characteristics chemical resistance chloride coat cold-working combination common composition compounds concentrations conductivity construction containing continuous cooling copper corrosion resistance cracking ductility effect electrical electrodes elevated Elongation environments equipment excellent expansion fabrication given grades gray greater handled hardness heat heat-treatment improved increase industries lead less limited lower machining material maximum mechanical properties metal method Monel nickel nitric normally occurs operating organic oxidizing paint performed physical pipe pitting plastic prevent produced protection range readily recommended reducing removed rubber salts severe silicon solutions solvents stainless steels stress structure suitable sulfuric acid superior surface Table temperature tensile strength thermal tion titanium Type Typical welding widely wrought zinc