I. Forbes on the Glacier.-Allegory, Comparisons, Strength, Climax, Laws of the Sentence and the Paragraph,... III. Dr. Campbell's allegorical comparison of Probability and Plausibility.-Laws of the Sentence and the Paragraph,... 299 XI. Hobbes on Laughter.-Sentence, Paragraph, Exposition,.... 324 XII. Dryden's criticisms on Ben Jonson and Shakespeare.-Sen- XV. Confused chain of reasoning from Campbell's Rhetoric,. 335 XVI. Passage from Adam Smith.-Exposition applied to Moral XVII. Oratorical passage from Demosthenes on the Crown,. XVIII. Campbell's Pleasures of Hope.-Passage examined for Poetic RHETORIC. UNIV. OF RHETORIC discusses the means whereby language, spoken or written, may be rendered effective. There are three principal ends in speaking,—to inform, to persuade, to please. They correspond to the three departments of the human mind, the Understanding, the Will, and the Feelings. The means being to some extent different for each, they are considered under separate heads. But as there are various matters pertaining to all modes of address, it is convenient to divide the entire subject into the two following parts:— Part First, which relates to Style generally, embraces the following topics:—I. The Figures of Speech. II. The Number of Words. III. The Arrangement of Words. IV. The Qualities of Style. V. The Sentence and the Paragraph. Part Second treats of the different Kinds of Composition. Those that have for their object to inform the UNDERSTANDING, fall under three heads—Description, Narration, and Exposition. The means of influencing the Will are given under one head, Persuasion. The employing of language to excite pleasurable Feelings, is one of the chief characteristics of Poetry. The Will can be moved only through the Understanding or through the Feelings. Hence there are really but two Rhetorical ends. THE FIGURES OF SPEECH. 1. A Figure of Speech is a deviation from the plain Tropes. A Figure, says Quintilian, is a form of speech differ- The most common are Simile, Metaphor, Allegory, Antithesis or The Figures are classed under a variety of names. Contrast, Metonymy, Synecdoche, Epigram, Hyperbole, Inter rogation, Exclamation, Apostrophe, Climax, Irony. 2. ever l f t e more impor ant Figur s have referen e o the o er tio sof he human ndersta ding or Intellect, and may be classified accordingly. |