They know not that the foe's red hand None dare to name the patriot dead, One secret, silent tear of sorrow. Britain, I love thee, for thy smile Hath cheerd a wand'rer on his way, And lit his footsteps to thine isle Whose white cliffs know no tyrant's sway. I love thy flow'ry hills and meads, Thy lordly sons, and bright-eyed daughters, Thy many heroes whose great deeds Have made thee mistress of the waters. I love to see thy proud flag waive O'er the pure marble of the brave; I love to see the white stone tell Of hearts that loved their country well. Yes, next to mine, I love thy land, For thou hast stretched a kindly hand Towards the endless, homeless Pole, Thou'st warmed his heart and cheer'd his soul; Yes, thou art generous, well we know Thou hast a balm for every wọe. Whoe'er the sufferer thou art near, To wipe away affliction's tear! And if the life thou can'st not save, At least thou givest a peaceful grave. Oh! that our foe thy hand could feel, For it can strike as well as heal. Yet, if it does not I will rest Where pity shelters most and best. And when death comes I'll not repine, But lay me down at Freedom's shrine; And my last feeble words shall be, That Freedom's Pilgrim blesses thee! ED. C. M. REMARKS ON THE CULTIVATON ✔ THE SUGAR CANE IN THE ISLAND OF CEYLON, BY JOBIAS LAMBERT ESQ. 7. ·00 Ar a period when public attention is directed to this important brauch of Agriculture, in a Colony, which hem its soi and cli mate offers all the advantages that possibly can be required for its complete developement; I am induced to offer in furtherance of its extension, a few observations which may assist those with out practical knowledge, and enable others who have a desire to embark in sugar plantations to do so with a degree of confidence satisfactory to their views regarding expenditure and probable results--and in presenting myself with these objects, it becomes me only to observe; that what follows is the result of nearly fifteen years of practical experience in the culture of the cane ad manufacture of its products, in the South of Europe under a rental of £4 per acre per annum with free labor and with an average produce of 4,500 lbs. Raw Sugar per acre. Accustomed to observe the nature of the soils best adapted to the culture of the cane and from a close examination of the Galle and Dombera districts, together with many others, I am led to the conclusion that very few spots in this Island where imigation is prac ticable, or where depth of soil and retentiveness of moistne, is evident, can there be any probability of failure. It has frequently been objected that chena lands and paddy fields previously ex hausted by cropping, have lost their virtue, and from a mistakeņ notion it it believed that nothing but virgin forest and is worthy of consideration; the mistake here made, must be obvions to any agriculturist, who is well aware that crops of different grains may in succession be grown on the the same land, requiring only once in four, five or six years of the rotation, a fallow, or the interval of a green crop with manure or absolute repose in grass; consequent, ly there can be no reason in condemning a piece of chena land because ten years previously it has borne a crop of paddy! it has had ten years rest, has been covered by grass or perhaps the jun gle may have sprung upon it; these do not exhaust, nor can the sun (another subject of apprehension) have had any influence because it has never been exposed, the paddy fields have been con、 stantly under crops, but the nourishment required for this grain is ostensibly derived from water, and even were it not so, that which is extracted from the soil for grain, is according to all received views upon agriculture, totally different from that necessary for the production of roots or canes, and without entering into the argument upon the proportions of silex, alumine, live and vegetable moulds which are generally required for the production of certain grain corps it is sufficiently proved by experience that-wheat, grass, oats, turnips, barley, beans and wheat may be successively grown and the land kept in heart. Why then, may it be asked, is this eternal paddy to be the bugbear of every operation in the Island and why are the natives or holders of paddy fields so short sighted and so obstinately opposed to bring under sugar cultivation those grounds which in paddy, yield with excessive labor and watching, in their present state, barely a subsistence? Habit and ignorauce can be the only motives for the error, to which may be added on the part of large holders of these descriptions of land, their uncer tainty of the results. In the case of paddy grounds there can be no doubt, in proof of which I would instance the lands of Demerara and many others of alluvial soi! and which have been constantly overflowed during their continuous occupation as sugar grounds, and the Deltas, in the south of Spain, which have carried the plant without intermission, save the year of replanting at the end of seven, and even eleven years, for the extended period of seven hundred. The chena or hill grounds falling towards the rivers in this Island are may of them capable of being brought under artificial watering during the dry season, and the majority from their extreme richness and tena eity of subsoil are sufficiently retentive to hold moisture for the preservation of the cane in the same period. From the commencement of February to the present moment I have not seen a cane suffering from drought and I have known ninety days elapse in another country without rain or a possibility of irrigation, with the thermometer at a mediom range of $2 and yet, the canes subject to such ostensible hazard, have produced a superior quality of sugar, although quantity was deficient; excessive moisture on the contrary is producive of greater evils; it is hardly possible to prevent the cane throwing out new shoots along its whole length at particular seasons, especially if it bas not been planted from cuttings of a determined growth; the flower, or arrow, shoots in Oc tober from those planted too early, and before they have attained maturity, and when the crop time occurs, which ought to be a fixed period, these canes are found in their second developement com.. bining a portion of sapjuice with the saccharine, reducing of course the quantity of the latter, and deteriorating the quality of the sugar produced. Such is the feracity of the soil in this Island, of such is the nature of the atmosphere, that in many instances the cane ought to be checked rather than stimulated in its growth. Under these cucumstances, it cannot admit of doubt that a proper season for planting once fixed, no question can exist as to piodace, and experience of the operations already commenced affords sufficient proof of the value of quality obtained. This period it would seem should be, from the middle of April to the middle of May in the Kandy country, previous to the setting in of the rains, having previously taken care to break up the laud whilst it still retained, moisture from the preceding rainy season, throwing it up in trenches-the first showers (in defect of irrigation) will enable the plough or the hoe to be brought into operation, and during their occurrence, that is, according to the present season the end of April being indicated as favorable, the warmth and moisture tend to force out the shoots before the excessive rains of the end of May and June wash off the soil covering the plants, and once through, they are perfectly safe, and yet will not from the want of sun, advance so rapidly as to arrow in October, excepting in those highly rich portions of soil, which force the plant forward as if it were in a hot bed. Once past this period without exhibiting a disposition to arrow, the cane will push forward with amazing vigor towards maturity and in March or April following will be fit to cut, and should even the signs of complete ripeness not appear, not on this account should it be allowed to stand, for so soon as it is influenced by the rains, it will immediately sprout not into flower, but every bud upon the joints will shew fresh shoots, the sap changes in nature and no longer does the saceharine juice exist pure, it experiences a modification and what would otherwise produce sugar is now converted into that destined for the develope ment of the germs and nourishment of the shoots produced from them. In selecting an estate, it becomes necessary to combine as many as practicable of the following requisites, endeavouring in the first instance, if possible to fix upon a free loamy soil, with gentle de clivities, clayey land is not so good for first crops on account of its stiffness, but the addition of lime and ashes from the boiling honse fires will in the course of a year or two render it admirably adapted for any purpose; the acquirement of, or proximity to forest ground for the supply of fuel, whether steam or water power be employed, is very desirable, in the former case indispensable; facility of transport by good roads, or water conveyance must be considered, and that of obtaining timber and building materials; the existence of a stream of water is an item of such importance, that a great portion of other advantages might readily be waved for this consideration; pasture lands for stock are very desirable and if they cannot be obtained, artificial grasses, Indian corn and Plantains should occupy every spare piece of ground. (To be Continued.) The Eatherer By far the greater number of the primitive Christians were buried in subterranean sepulchres. As, during the first three hundred years the sword of persecution was constantly impend ing over their heads, and dear-bought experience taught them, that their only safety lay either in withdrawing to uninhabited deserts; or sheltering themselves in inaccessible hiding holes, multitudes, who preferred the latter alternative, died, and were interred in their places of retreat. These served at once as their home and their burying place; and, as it was natural that they should wish to have the bodies of their departed brethren con. veyed to the same peaceful and inviolable sanctuaries, it became, first from necessity, and afterwards from choice, the approved and invariable practice of the Christians to deposit their dead in deep and obscure caverns. These, owing to the vast mul titudes who fell simultaneously in times of persecution, and to whom, except in some few cases, the rites of bu rial were not refused, evidently required to be of no ordinary magnitude; and accordingly-at what time is uncertain, but at an early period, the charity of some wealthy friends of their body put them in possession of cemeteries, which remained ever after the common property of the believers. Among the monuments of Christian antiquity, none are more singular than these abodes of the dead; and feels at a loss whether most to admire their prodigious extent, the laborious industry that provided them, or the interesting recollections with which they are associated. Like the Moorish caves in Spain, they were generally excavated at the base of a lonely hill, and the entrance so care. fully concealed that no aperture appeared, and no traces were discernible-except by an experienced eyeof the ground having been penetrated, and of the vast dungeons that had been hollowed underneath. The descent was made by a ladder, the foot of which stood in a broad and spacious pathway, which extended like a street along the whole length of the place. This principal entrance opened, one at intervals, into smaller passages, which again led into a variety of chambers; and on either side of them were several rows of niches, pierced in the wall, serving as catacombs, and filled with coffius. The chambers were painted, for the most part, like the churches, with passages of history from the old and New Testaments, In the centre of the large street was an open square, large and commodious as a market. place, in which those who took re fuge there, in those troublous times, were wont to congragate for worship; and the comfort of which, as a placa of abode, was greatly promoted by the liberal use which the Christians made of spices and perfumes on their dead. In the more distant of these ceme. teries, whose remoteness rendered them less liable to be disturbed, there were small apertures left in she surface of the ground, through which a dim twilight was admitted; but the other where these were closed, were absolutely dark, and except by the aid of lights, impassable; so that, on any sudden. surprise, the refugees had only to extinguish their lamps to insure their safety from the invasion of the enemies. The depth of these vaults was sometimes so great, that two or threestoreys were ranged one above another; and the whole aspect of the place conveyed the impression of a city under ground.-History of the Pri mitive Christians. ODDITIES OF greatest men are often affected by the GREAT MEN.-The most trivial circumstances, which have n they produce. An old gentleman, of apparent connection with the effects whom we knew something, felt secure shoes, on going to bed, so that the against the cramp when he placed his shoe, and the toe right shoe was on the left of the left of the right next to the heel of the left. If he did other side in that way, he was liable not bring the right shoe round the to the cramp. Dr. Johnson used always, in going up Bolt court, to put one foot upon each stone of the pare ment; if he failed, he felt certain the day would be unlucky. Buffon, the celebrated naturalist, never wrote but in fall dress. Dr. Routh, of Oxford, |