Imaging and Image Analysis Applications for PlasticsThe broad collection of techniques gathered in this book help illustrate material/process/property relationships for a wide selection of materials and processes in the plastics industry. With the recent increases in computing power and scope, as well as advances in software engineering, imaging has already become a universal tool. Image processing and image analysis have become common expressions are widely recognized within the scientific community. The imaging techniques employed range from visible optical methods to scanning and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray, thermal wave infrared and atomic force microscopy. Image analysis is used to monitor/ characterize a variety of processes. Processes included within this book are: extrusion, injection molding, foam production, film manufacture, compression molding, blow molding, vulcanization, melt spinning, reactive blending, welding, conveying, composite manufacture, compounding, and thermosetting. Imaging techniques are also employed to characterize/quantify a number of important material properties. These include: fiber orientation distribution, homogeneity of mixing, the rate of spherulites growth, polymer crystallization rate, melt flow index, pore size and shape in foam, cell density in foam, void content, particle analysis in polymer blends, morphology, interparticle distance, fiber diameter, fatigue crack, crazing, scratching, surface roughness, fiber-length distribution, nucleation, oil penetration, peel adhesion, chemical resistance, droplet-fiber transition, electrical conductivity, dispersion and impurity content. |
Contents
Chapter 1 The Optimized Performance of Linear Vibration Welded Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 Butt Joints | 1 |
Chapter 2 Image Analysis of Polypropylene Melt Fibre Stretching | 11 |
Chapter 3 The Effect of Fiber Orientation and Distribution on the Tooth Stifhess of a Polymer Composite Gear | 19 |
Chapter 3 Novel Processing and Performance of Aligned Discontinuous Fiber Polymer Composites | 27 |
Chapter 4 Characterization of Kneading Block Performance in CoRotating Twin Screw Extruders | 35 |
Chapter 5 A Quantitative Description of the Effects of Molecular Weight and Atactic Level on the Spherulite Growth Rate of ZieglerNatta Isotactic P... | 43 |
Chapter 6 Method to Evaluate the Homogenization of Bimodal Polyethylene in a CoRotating Twin Screw Extruder | 53 |
Chapter 7 Miscibility and CoContinuous Morphology of PolypropylenePolyethylene Blends | 59 |
Chapter 19 CO2Blown PETG Foams | 165 |
Chapter 20 Tear Strength Enhancement Mechanisms in TPO Films | 173 |
Chapter 21 Morphological Study of Fatigue Induced Damage in Semicrystalline Polymers | 181 |
Chapter 22 The Effect of Several Kinds of Oils on the Oil Resistance Behavior of Polystyrenic Thermoplastic Vulcanizate | 191 |
Chapter 23 Visualization of Polymer Melt Convergent Flows in Extrusion | 201 |
Chapter 24 Evaluation of the Constrained Blister Test for Measurement of an Intrinsic Adhesion | 209 |
Chapter 25 Fractal Analysis and Radiographic Inspection of Microwave Welded HDPE Bars | 217 |
Chapter 26 Application of Thermography for the Optimization of the Blow Molding Process | 225 |
Chapter 8 Flow Visualization for Extensional Viscosity Assessment | 65 |
Effect of the Elastomer Viscosity on Impact Properties | 73 |
Morphological Analysis of a HDPEPDMS System | 79 |
Chapter 11 The in situ Compatibilization of HDPEPET Blends | 89 |
Chapter 12 Evaluation of Process Aids for Controlling Surface Roughness of Extruded LLDPE | 97 |
Nanoscratching by Atomic Force Microscope | 107 |
Chapter 14 Study of the Morphology and the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Biaxially Oriented PETPP Blends | 119 |
Chapter 15 Improved Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Laminar Polymer Blends | 127 |
Chapter 16 Relative Magnetic Permeability of Injection Molded Composites as Affected by the Flow Induced Orientation of Ferromagnetic Particles | 135 |
Compression Versus Injection Molding | 145 |
Chapter 18 Polyetherimide EpoxyBased Prepreg Systems with Variable Temperature Cure Capability | 155 |
Chapter 27 The Use of Video and the Development of Solids Conveying Theory | 233 |
Chapter 28 Microcellular PET Foams Produced by the Solid State Process | 241 |
Chapter 29 Thermal Wave Imaging of Propagating Cracks in Polypropylene and a Thermoplastic Olefin | 249 |
A Physical Model for Mathematical Description | 257 |
Chapter 31 Morphology and Rheology Sensors for InLine and OnLine Microstructure Monitoring in Compounding | 267 |
Chapter 32 A New OnLine Technique for Morphology Analysis and Residence Time Measurement in a TwinScrew Extruder | 273 |
Chapter 33 ControlledOrder Thermosets for Electronic Packaging | 283 |
Chapter 34 Fatigue Fracture in Polypropylene with Different Spherulitic Sizes | 289 |
Chapter 35BrittleDuctile Transition of PPRubberFiller Hybrids | 299 |
303 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
adhesion agglomerates alignment ANTEC ASTM average behavior blends blister blow molding clearcoat Coatings compatibilizer composites crazes crystallization cure decrease density diameter dispersed phase effect elastomer energy entry profile epoxy EXPERIMENTAL extensional extensional viscosity extruder fiber length fiber orientation foaming fractal dimension fracture geometry glass fiber glass transition temperature growth rate HDPE image analysis increase injection molded interface kneading blocks LDPE LLDPE material matrix measured mechanical properties melt micrographs microtome minor phase mixing modulus morphology nanoscratches nylon observed obtained optical parameters parison particles percent drag flow permeability PETG plastic polyethylene polymer polypropylene prepreg pressure process aids resin rheology samples scratch SEBS shear rate shown in Figure shows spacer height SPE ANTEC specimens spherulites strain rate stress surface roughness technique temperature tensile thermal thermoplastic thickness tion twin screw extruder values viscoelastic viscosity viscosity ratio weld zone