1802, and is now flourishing. Several academies are in. corporated, and town schools are generally supported.

Chief Towns. PORTLAND, situated on a promontory in Casco bay, is the capital of Maine. It has an excellent harbor near the ocean, and is easy of access. It contained in 1810, 7,169 inhabitants who carry on a considerable foreign trade. Among its public buildings, are three churches for Congregationalists, one for Episcopalians, and a court house.

YORK, 70 miles northeast from Boston, is the chief town of York county.

HALLOWEL is a very flourishing town, situated at the head of the tide waters on Kennebec river. AUGUSTA, BATH, WISCASSET, BUCKSTOWN, and MACHIAS are also towns of considerable and increasing importance. 'BANGOR, situated at the head of the tide waters on Penobscot river, Kittery, Wells, Berwick, North-Yarmouth, Eastport, and Waldoborough, are the other most considerable

towns.

Indians. The remains of the Penobscot tribe are the on ly Indians who make their residence in this district. They consist of about 100 families, and live together at Indian Old Town, which is situated on an island of about 200 acres, in Penobscot river, just above the great falls. They are Roman Catholics, and have a priest, who resides among them and administers the ordinances. They have a decent house for public worship, with a bell, and another building, where they meet to transact the public business of their tribe. In their assemblies, all things are managed with the greatest order and decorum. The sachems form the legislative and executive authority of the tribe; though the heads of all the families are invited to be present at their public periodical meetings.

Islands. The whole coast of Maine is shielded by numerous islands of various forms and sizes. MOUNT DESERT, on the coast of Hancock county, is 15 miles long by 12 broad. It is a valuable tract of land, notwithstanding its name, and contains 1121 inhabitants.

LONG ISLAND, in the centre of Penobscot bay, is 15 miles long, and 2 or 3 broad, and has about 400 inhabit ants. It forms a township by the name of Isleborough.

Near this is DEER ISLAND, which is also an incorporated town. There are many other small Islands in the bay. Casco bay contains a multitude of islands.

er.

SEGUIN ISLAND stands at the mouth of Kennebec rive

A light-house on this island. has a repeating light, which is made to disappear every ninety seconds, to dis tinguish it from Portland light-house.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Situation and Extent.

NEW HAMPSHIRE extends from 42° 41' to 45° 11′north latitude, and from 2° 41′ to 4° 29′ east longitude. Its shape is nearly that of a right angled triangle; the length being 168 miles, the greatest breadth 90, and the least 18 miles. It contains 6,074,240 acres, (of which 100,000 are water,) or 9,500 square miles, Boundaries. Bounded on the north by Lower Canada, east by the District of Maine, south by Massachusetts, west by Vermont.

Divisions, and Population. New Hampshire is divided. into six counties, viz.

Most of the towns are six miles square, and the whole number of towns and locations, is about two hundred and fourteen.

Face of the Country. This state has but about 18 miles of sea coast, which forms a southeast corner. The shore is mostly a sandy beech, adjoining which, are salt marshes intersected by creeks. From the sea, no remarkable high

lands appear nearer than 20 or 30 miles; then commences a mountainous country. The lands bordering on Connecticut river, are interspersed with extensive meadows or intervals, rich and well watered.

Mountains. New-Hampshire is intersected by several ranges of mountains, the principal of which, is the lofty ridge, that divides the branches of Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, called the Height of Land. In this ridge is the celebrated Monadnoc mountain; 30 miles north of which is Sunapee, and 48 miles further is Moosehillock mountain. The ridge is then continued northerly, dividing the waters of Connecticut river from those of Saco and Androscoggin. The most elevated summits of this range, are the White Mountains, the highest land in New-England. These are seen at the distance of 80 miles on land, and are discovered by vessels at sea long before any part of the coast is visible. By reason of their white appearance, they are often mistaken for clouds.

Harbors. The only harbor for ships in this state is that of Portsmouth, formed by the mouth of Piscataqua river, the shores of which are rocky.

Lakes Vinnipiseogee lake is the largest collection of water in New-Hampshire. It is twenty-four miles long, and of very unequal breadth. from three to twelve miles. It is full of islands, and is supplied with numerous rivulets from the surrounding mountains. It is frozen about three months in the year, and many sleighs and teams from the circumjacent towns cross it on the ice. In summer, it is navigable its whole length.

The other considerable lakes are Umbagog, in the northeast corner of the state, and partly in the District of Maine, Squam, Sunapee, Great Ossipee, and Massabesic.

These

Rivers. Five of the largest streams in New-England receive more or less of their waters from this state. are Connecticut, Androscoggin, Saco, Merrimac, and Pis. cataqua rivers.

Connecticut river rises in the highlands, which separate the United States from Lower Canada. Its general course is S. S. W. It extends along the western side of NewHampshire, separating it from Vermont, about 170 miles and then passes into Massachusetts. Besides smaller streams, it receives from New Hampshire, Upper

Amonoosuc, Israel's river, John's river, Great or Lower Amonoosuc, Sugar, Cold, and Ashuelot rivers. In its course between New-Hampshire and Vermont, it has two considerable falls; the first are called Fifteen Mile Falls, between Upper and Lower Coos; the river is rapid for 20 miles. At Walpole, is a second remarkable fall, formerly known by the name of the Great Fall, now denominated Bellows's Falls. In 1784 a bridge of timber was constructed over this fall, 365 feet long, and supported in the middle by a great rock, under which the highest floods pass without detriment.

This beautiful river in its whole length is lined on each side with a great nnmber of the most flourishing and pleasant towns in the United States. In its whole course it preserves a distance of from 80 to 100 miles from the

sea coast.

Merrimac river is formed by the confluence of Pemigewasset and Winnipisengee rivers. After the Pemigewasset receives the waters of the Winnipiseogee, it takes the name of Merrimac; and, pursuing a course of about 90 miles, first in a southerly, then in aneasterly direction, passing over Hoosket, Amoskeag, and Pautuket falls, it emp ties into the sea at Newburyport. From the west, it receives Blackwater, Contoocook, Piscataquoak, Souhegan, Nashua, and Concord rivers; from the east, Bowcook, Suncook, Cohas, Beaver, Spicket, and Powow rivers. Contoocook heads near Monadnoc mountain, is very rapid, and 10 or 12 miles from its mouth, is 100 yards wide. Just before its entrance into the Merrimac, it branches and forms a beautiful island of about five or six acres.

The Piscataqua is the only large river, whose whole course is in New Hampshire. From its form and the situation of its branches, it is favourable to the purpose of navigation and commerce. A bridge has been erected over this river, six miles above Portsmouth, 2600 feet in length.

Soil and Productions. The soil, in general, is rich and productive. The land on the margins of the rivers, is esteemed best for grain, and the hills for pasture. Agriculture is the chief business of the inhabitants. Beef, pork, mutton, poultry, wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, pulse, butter, cheese, flax, hemp, hops, esculent plants

and roots, articles which always find a market, may be produced in almost any quantity in the state. Apples and pears are the most common and the principal fruits, that are cultivated Manufactures. The people in the country generally manufacture their own clothing, and considerable quanti ties of tow cloth for exportation. The other manufactures are pot and pearl ashes, maple sugar, bricks and pottery, and some iron.

Public Improvements. The falls in Merrimac river, from the mouth of the Middlesex canal to Salisbury, have been locked, and other obstructions to boat navigation removed, which open a water communication, by boats, with Boston, through the Middlesex canal, for a great part of New-Hampshire and Vermont. A canal has been cut through an extensive marsh, which opens an inland navigation from Hampton through Salisbury into Merrimac river, 8 miles.

Commerce. The principal articles of export from NewHampshire, are pine boards, oak plank, staves and heading, clapboards and shingles, and other articles of lumber, dried and pickled fish, whale oil, tar, flax seed, beef, livestock, bricks, pot and pearl ashes, &c. The imports are West-India produce, and articles of European manufacture, salt, steel, lead, and sea coal.

Literature. The peculiar attention which has lately been paid to schools, by the legislature, presents a pleasing prospect of the increase of literature in this state. There are several academies, incorporated with ample funds; one at Exeter has a fund of 15,000 dollars, and from 60 to 80 students.

The only college in the state, is at Hanover, situated on a beautiful plain, near Connecticut river, in latitude 43° 30'. It is called Dartmouth college, after the Right Hon. William Dartmouth, one of its principal benefactors. The funds of the college are chiefly in lands, amounting to about $0,000 acres, which are increasing in value. It is among the most flourishing literary institutions in the United States.

state.

Chief Towns. PORTSMOUTH is the largest town in this It is about 2 miles from the sea on the south side of Piscataqua river, containing about 640 dwelling houses

L