STATEN ISLAND lies 9 miles southwest of the city of New-York, and forms Richmond county. It is 18 miles in length, and, at a medium, 6 or 7 in breadth, and contained, in 1810, 5347 inhabitants. On the south side is à tract of level, good land; but the island in general is rough and the hills high.

NEW JERSEY.

Situation and Extent. THE state of New-Jersey, lies between 39o and 41° 24′ N. latitude; its length, from N. to S. being about 160 miles. Its western boundary near. ly corresponds with the meridian of Philadelphia from which it extends to nearly one degree of cast longitude. Its breadth is computed at 52 miles. These dimensions give the area of about 8320 square miles, equal to 5,324,800

acres.

Boundaries. It is bounded on the east by Hudson rive er and the sea; south by the sea; west by Pennsylvania; north by New-York.

Divisions and Population. This state is divided into 13 counties, and 116 townships.

Counties.

Inhabitants. | Counties.

Inhabitants.

Cape May

5,632 Bergen

16,603

Cumberland

12,670 Essex

25,984

Salem

20,3,81

Gloucester

22,150

Burlington

14,728

Hunterdon

24,553 Morris

21,828

Sussex

Total 245,562

25,549

Face of the Country. The counties of Sussex, Morris, and Bergen are mountainous. The interior country, in general, is agreeably diversified with hilis and vallies. The southern counties, which lie along the sea coast, are uniformly flat and sandy.

Bays and Rivers. That part of the state which borders on the sea, is indented with a great number of small rive

ers and creeks, which, as the country is flat, are navigable for small craft, almost to their sources.

The most remarkable bay is Arthur Kull, or Newark bay, formed by the union of Passaic and Hackinsac rivers. This bay opens to the right and left, and embraces Staten Island.

Hackinsac river rises in Bergen county, runs a southerly course, and empties into Newark bay. At its mouth, it is 460 yards wide, and is navigable 15 miles.

Passaic is a very crooked river, rising in a large swamp, in Morris county. Its general course is from northwest to southeast, till it mingles with the Hackinsac, at the head of Newark bay. The cataract, or Great fall, in this river is the greatest natural curiosity in the state. It is forty yards wide, and falls over a rock, which crosses the channel, seventy feet perpendicularly, in one entire sheet.

Raritan river is formed by two considerable streams, called North and South Branches, one of which rises in Morris, the other in Hunterdon county. It passes by Brunswick and Amboy, into Newark bay, and helps to form the fine harbor of Amboy.

Delaware river divides New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. The following rivers all run into the Delaware: Cesarer, or Cohansey creek, rises in Salem county, navigable twenty miles. Mulius river, which divides Gloucester and Burlington counties, navigable twenty miles. Maurice

river which rises in Gloucester county, navigable fifteen or twenty miles. Alloway creek, in Salem county, and Ancocus creek, in Burlington county, both navigable fifteen or twenty miles. There are a great many others, of less note, navigable short distances.

Mountains. The South mountain, which is one ridge of the Allegany range, crosses this state. This mountain embosoms such amazing quantities of iron ore, that it may not improperly be called the Iron mountain. The Kittatinny ridge passes through this state, north of the South mountain. Several spurs from these ridges project in a southern direction. The noted high lands of Navesink and Centre hill, are almost the only hills within the distance of many miles from the sea-coast.

Soil and Productions. New-Jersey has all the varieties of soil, from the worst to the best kind. The good land lies principally on the banks of rivers and creeks, The barrens produce little else but shrub oaks and yellow pines. These sandy lands yield an immense quantity of bog iron ore. In the hilly and mountainous parts of the state, which are not too rocky for cultivation, the soil is of a stronger kind, and covered, in its natural state, with stately oaks, hickories, chesnuts, &c.; and, when cultivated, produces wheat, rye, Indian corn, buck wheat, oats, barley, flax, and fruits of all kinds, common to the climate. The orchards in many parts of the state, equal any in the United States, and their cider is said to be the best in the world.

The markets of New-York and Philadelphia, receive a very considerable proportion of their supplies from the contiguous parts of New-Jersey. These supplies consist of vegetables of many kinds, apples, pears, peaches, plums, strawberries, cherries, and other fruits. Cider, in large quantities, butter, cheese, beef, pork, mutton, and poultry.

Mines. It has already been mentioned, that the mountains of New-Jersey yield immense quantities of iron ore, and the low grounds are no less productive of that kind, called bog iron ore. There are also several large copper mines of great value. Besides these, the state contains mines of lead, coal, plaster of Paris; with immense quarries of very valuable stone. A slate quarry has lately been discovered in Hunterdon county, which yields slate of a superior quality.

Mineral and other Springs. In the county of Morris, is a cold mineral spring. It is frequented by valetudinarians and its waters have been used with very considerable

success.

In the town of Hanover, in the same county, on a ridge of hills, are a number of wells, which regularly ebb and flow, about six feet, twice in every twenty four hours. The wells are nearly forty miles from the sea, in a strait line.

In the county of Hunterdon, near the top of Muskonetcong mountain, is a noted medicinal spring, to which invalids resort from every quarter. It issues from the side of a mountain, and is conveyed into an artificial reservoir,

for the convenience of those who wish to bathe in, as well as to drink the waters. It is a strong chalybeate, and very cold.

There is a curious spring, about 200 yards from the south branch of Raritan river, from which, even in the driest seasons, a small stream issues, except when the wind continues to blow from the northwest, for more than two days successively, when it ceases to run; and, if the water be taken out of the cask placed in the ground, it will remain empty until the wind changes, when it is again filled, and flows as usual.

Manufactures. The most important manufactures in New-Jersey, are those of iron and leather. The iron works in the county of Morris alone, produce annually about 800 tons of pig, 540 tons of bar iron, and large quantities of nail rods, sheet iron, and hollow ware. parts of the state are noted for the same manufactures.

Other

Newark is the seat of a considerable shoe manufactory, which employs 200 workmen, and produces 100,000 pairs of shoes annually. The other articles of manufacture, are steel, nails, paper, flour, and powder. Most of the families in the country, make their own clothing.

This state is remarkable for mill seats, 1100 of which are now occupied; 500 with flour mills, and the rest with saw mills, fulling mil's, forges, furnaces, slitting and rolling, paper, powder, and oil mills.

Trade. The trade of this state is carried on almost solely with and from those two great commercial cities, New-York on one side and Philadelphia on the other. Amount of exports in 1810, 430,267 dollars.

Bridges. There are bridges erected over the Passaic, Hackinsac, Raritan and Delaware rivers, on the post road between New-York and Philadelphia, which greatly facilitate the intercourse between those two cities.

Literature and Education. There is a college at Princeton, called Nassau Hall, which has been under the care of a succession of Presidents, eminent for piety and learning; and has furnished a number of civilians, divines, and physicians, of the first rank in America. There is also a college at Brunswick, in this state, called Queen's College; its charter bears date 1770. It was established by the reformed Dutch Church, and designed principally to

be a Theological Seminary. For a number of years it declined, and ceased its operations. It is now revived, and flourishing under the care of Rev. DR. LIVINGSTON. There are academies at Trenton, Hackinsac, Orangedale, Elizabethtown, Burlington, and Newark.

Beside these, there are grammar schools at Freehold, Springfield, Morristown, Bordentown, and Amboy.

Cities and Towns. TRENTON is one of the largest towns in New-Jersey, and the capital of the state. It is situated on the east side of the river Delaware, opposite the falls, nearly in the centre of the state, from north to south, in latitude 40° 15′, and about 15′′east of the meridi an of Philadelphia.

BURLINGTON city extends three miles along the Dela ware, and one mile back at right angles, into the county of Burlington, and is twenty miles above the city of Philadelphia, by water and seventeen by land.

PERTH AMBOY city stands on a neck of land, included between Raritan river and Arthur Kull sound. - Its situation is high and healthy. It lies open to Sandy Hook, and has one of the best harbors on the continent.

BRUNSWICK City is situated on the southwest side of Raritan river, over which a fine bridge has been built, 17 miles above Amboy. Its situation is low and pleasant, being on the bank of a river, and under a high hill, which rises back of the town. It is the seat of Queen's College.

It

PRINCETON is a pleasant village, of about 80 houses, 52 miles from New-York, and 42 from Philadelphia. is the seat of Nassau Hall College. The college edifice is of stone, large and handsome. On the right and left of the college, are edifices, one for a dining hall, the other for the library.

ELIZABETHTOWN borough is fifteen miles from New York. Its situation is pleasant, and its soil equal in fertility to any in the state.

NEWARK is nine miles from New-York. It is a handsome flourishing town, and had in 1810, 7993 inhabi

tants.

Curiosities. In Monmouth county, cn the side of a branch of Navesink river, is a remarkable cave, in which are three rooms. The cave is about 30 feet long, and 15 feet broad. Each of the rooms is arehed; the centre of