to those on Cumberland river, for the production of cotton, rice, and indigo. Of trees the general growth is poplar, hickory, black and white walnut, all kinds of oaks, buckeye, beech, sycamore, black and honey locust, ash, hornbeam, elm, mulberry, cherry, dogwood, sassafras, papaw, cucumber tree, and the sugar tree. The low lands produce canes, some of which are upwards of 20 feet high, and so thick as to prevent any other plant from growing.

Of herbs, roots, and shrubs, there are Virginia and Seneca snakeroot, ginseng, angelica, spice wood, wild plum, crab apple, sweet annise, red bud, ginger, spikenard, wild hop and grape vines. The glades are covered with wild rye, wild oats, clover, buffaloe grass, strawberries and pea vines.

Mines and Minerals. Iron ore is abundant in the districts of Washington and Hamilton. Gold and silver mines are said to be known to the Indians, but none have been discovered by the white people. Ores and springs strongly impregnated with sulphur, are found in various parts. Saltpetre caves are numerous.

Trade. This country furnishes all the valuable articles of the southern states. Fine waggon and saddle horses, beef cattle, ginseng, deer skins and furs, cotton in great quantities, hemp and flax, which are transported by land; also iron, lumber, pork, and flour, exported down the Missisippi.

Education and Literature. The inhabitants have paid great attention to the interests of science; beside private schools, there are three colleges established by law; Greenville in Green county, Blount at Knoxville, and Washington in the county of that name. The college in Green county is flourishing under the direction of a President and Vice President. Here is likewise a "Society for promoting Useful Knowledge." A taste for literature is daily increasing.

Chief Towns. KNOXVILLE, beautifully situated on the Holston, is the seat of government in this state. It has 518 inhabitants.

NASHVILLE is the place where courts are held for Mero district. It has two houses for public worship, an academy, and 845 inhabitants.

JONESBOROUGH is the seat of the courts held in Wash

ington district. There are few other towns of any note in the state.

Curiosities and Antiquities. The Enchanted Mountain, so called, about two miles south of Brasstown, is famed for the curiosities on its rocks. There are on several rocks a number of impressions resembling the tracks of turkeys, bears, horses, and human beings, as visible and perfect as they could be made on snow or sand. The latter were remarkable for having six toes each; one only excepted. By this we must suppose the originals to have been the progeny of Titan or Anak. One of these tracks was very large, the length of the foot 16 inches, and the distance of the extremes of the outer toes 13 inches. One of the horse tracks was likewise of an uncommon size, the transverse and conjugate diameters, were 8 by 10 inches; perhaps the horse which the Great Warrior rode. What ap pears the most in favor of their being the real tracks of the animals they represent, is the circumstance of a horse's foot having apparently slipped several inches, and recovered again, and the figures having all the same direction, like the trail of a company on a journey. If it be a lusus nature, she never sported more seriously. If the operation of chance, perhaps there never was more apparent design. If it were done by art, it might be to perpetuate the remembrance of some remarkable event of war, or engagement fought on the ground. The vast heaps of stones near the place, supposed to be tombs of warriors slain in battle, seem to favour the supposition. The texture of the rock is soft. The part on which the sun had the greatest influence, and which was the most indurated, could easily be cut with a knife, and appeared to be of the nature of the pipe stone. Some of the Cherokees entertain an opinion that it always rains when any person visits the place, as if sympathetic nature wept at the recollection of the dreadful catastrophe, which those figures were intended to commemorate.

The country contains many cascades and caverns. Some of the caves are dry and abound with nitrous earth. In others are found a vast variety of stalactites and other petrifactions; and in some, the adventurous visitant of these dark recesses is stopped in his progress by a subterranean brook or creek, which crosses the cavern.

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Indians. The Cherokee nation of Indians inhabit partly in Tennessee and partly in the Missisippi Territory. They have been a numerous and warlike nation; but by continual wars, in which it has been their destiny to be engaged with the northern tribes, they are reduced to about 1000 fighting men.

Under the instruction and wise management of the Rev. Gideon Blackburn, a missionary, this nation is already far advanced in the arts and manners of civilized life.

NORTH-CAROLINA.

Extent. THIS state extends from 33 50 to 36 30 north latitude, and from 10 to 8° west longitude; 450 miles long and 180 broad. Containing 48,000 square miles.

Boundaries. Bounded north by Virginia; east by the Atlantic Ocean; south by South Carolina; west by Ten

nessee.

Divisions and Population. This state is divided into 62 counties; each county is subdivided into towns.

North-Carolina contained, in 1800, 478,103 inhabitants; in 1810, 563,526; viz. 361,283 free persons, 202,243 slaves. Increase in 10 years 85,423.

Face of the Country. The sea coast of this state is uniformly level, and is principally covered with swamps and forests. Sixty or eighty miles from the sea the country rises into mountains.

Bays and Capes. Albemarle sound is a kind of inland sea, 60 miles long and 10 or 12 broad.

Pamlico sound is from 10 to 20 miles broad, communicating with the Atlantic ocean by several small inlets, the chief of which is Ocrecoc inlet, between Ocrecoc island and Core Bank.

Core sound lies south of Pamlico, with which it has a communication.

Cape Hatteras, in latitude 35° 15', is surrounded with dangerous shoals and sand banks.

Cape Look-out is south of Cape Hatteras, cpposite Core sound.

Cape Fear is remarkable for a dangerous shoal, called, from its form, the Frying Pan. This shoal lies at the entrance of Cape Fear river, in lat. 33° 32'.

Rivers, Chowan river is formed by the confluence of Meherrin, Notaway, and Black rivers, all of which rise in Virginia. It falls into Albemarle sound by a mouth three miles wide.

Roanoke is a long rapid river, formed by Stanton river from Virginia, and Dan river. It is navigable only for shallops, and empties by several mouths into Albemarle

sound.

Pamlico or Tar river opens into Pamlico sound. It is navigable to Washington, 40 miles.

Neuse river rises in Hillsborough, and after a winding course of 500 miles falls into Pamlico sound, by a mouth

nine miles wide. It is navigable for large vessels to Newbern, 70 miles.

Trent river from the southwest, falls into the Neuse at Newbern, and is navigable 12 miles above the town.

Cape Fear or Clarendon river opens to the sea at Cape Fear. It is navigable for large vessels to Wilmington. Haw and Deep rivers are its main branches.

Yadkin river originates among the Blue Ridges in Virginia. It is joined by the Uwharre; the united streams take the name of Pedee river, and pass into South-Carolina.

There are several other rivers of less note, among which are Pasquotank, Perquimons, Little, Alligator, &c. which flow into Albemarle sound. All the rivers of North-Carolina, South-Carolina, and Georgia, are navigable by any vessel that can pass the bar at their mouths.

Swamps. Great Dismal Swamp is on the dividing line. between this state and Virginia. It covers 140,000 acres, and has a lake in the middle, about 7 miles long, called Drummond's Pond.

There is another swamp in Currituc county, south of Albemarle sound, which is also called Dismal Swamp, supposed to contain one of the most valuable rice estates in America. In the centre is a lake 11 miles long and 7 broad.

Soil and Productions. The soil on the banks of the rivers is fertile. Interspersed through the other parts are glades of rich swamp and ridges of oak land, of an excellent soil.

Wheat, rye, barley, oats, flax and tobacco grow well in the back country; Indian corn and pulse of all kinds in every part of the state. Cotton and hemp are considerably cultivated. The forests in the low country universally consist of pitch pine, much superior to that of the north. ern states, yielding pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber. No country produces finer white and red oak than the hills of North-Carolina. The swamps abound with cypress and bay trees; the latter is an evergreen and is food for cattle in the winter. The misleto is common in the middle country. It is a shrub different from all others, never growing out of the earth, but on the tops of trees; the roots run under the bark of the tree, and incorporate with it.