ADRIANOPLE, formerly the seat of the Turkish empire in Europe, is next in dignity. The inhabitants of Sosia are 70,000. Silistria, on the Danube in Bulgaria, contains 60,000 inhabitants. Bucharest, the chief city of Walachia, has the same number. Jasa and Bender have 10 or 12,000 inhabitants each; Belgrade, capital of Servia, has about 25,000 inhabitants. Barjaluka contains 18,000 souls, and Salornia 60,000; Larissa, an inland town, 25,000.

Antiquities and Curiosities. Almost every spot of ground, every river, and every fountain in Greece, presents the traveller with the ruins of a celebrated antiquity. On the Isthmus of Corinth, the ruins of Neptune's temple and the theatre where the isthmean games were celebrated, are still visible.

History. In European Turkey is included the ancient states of Greece and Macedon. The people of these states, so celebrated in history, for their government, politics and revolutions, were, on the commencement of the Christian era, lost in the general conquests of the Romans. To the last remains of the Grecian or Eastern empire, the Turks put a final period by the conquest of Constantinople, in 1453. But their military institutions have now lost their energies, and the zeal of their religious imposture has abated. Their ill compacted empire is sinking under its own weight. The Russians have become far too powerful for the Turks; and the Turkish empire seems tottering to its fall.

ISLANDS BELONGING TO THE TURKISH EMPIRE, BEING PART OF ANCIENT GREECE.

NEGROPONT, the ancient Euboea, on the eastern coast of Achaia or Livadia, is 90 miles long, and 25 broad. The chief towns in the island are Negropont, called by the Greeks Egripos, on the southwest coast of the island, on the narrowest part of the strait; and Castel Rosso the ancient Craystus.

LEMNOS, OF STALIMENE, lies on the north part of the Egean Sea, or Archipelago, and is almost a square of 25 miles in length and breadth, and has 8,000 inhabitants.

TENEDOS is remarkable only for its lying opposite to eld Troy. It has a town of the same name, and has 2000 inhabitants.

SCYROS is about 60 miles in circumference, and is remarkable chiefly for the remains of antiquity, which it contains; about 300 Greek families inhabit it.

LESBOS, or MYTELENE, is about 60 miles long, and is famous for the number of philosophers and poets it produced. The inhabitants are 40,000 in number, and were formerly noted for prodigality.

SCIO, or CHIOs, lies about 80 miles west of Smyrna, 1000 miles in circumference. Though rocky and mountainous, it produces excellent wine. It is inhabited by 100,000 Greeks, 10,000 Turks, and about 3000 Latins. It has 300 churches, besides chapels and monasteries; and a Turkish garrison of 1400 men. The women of this, and almost all the other Greek islands, have, in all ages, been celebrated for their beauty, and their persons have been the most perfect models of symmetry to painters and statuaries. Among the poets and historians said to be born here, the inhabitants reckon Homer, and shew a little square house which they call Homer's school.

SAMOS lies opposite to Ephesus, 30 miles long and 15 broad. This island gave birth to Pythagoras, and is inhabited by Greek Christians. It is supposed to have been the native country of Juno; and some travellers think that the ruins of her temple and of the ancient city of Samos are the finest remains of antiquity in the Levant.

To the south of Samos lies PATMOS, about 20 miles in circumference, but so barren and dreary, that it may be called a rock, rather than an island. It has, however, a convenient haven; and the few Greek monks who are upon the island shew a cave were St. John is supposed to have written the Apocalypse.

The CYCLADES islands lie in a circle round Delos, the chief of them, which is almost midway between the continents of Asia and Europe. Though Delos is not above 6 miles in circumference, it is one of the most celebrated of all the Grecian islands, as being the birth place of Apollo and Diana, the magnificent ruins of whose temples are still visible. It is almost destitute of inhabitants. PAROS lies between the islands of Luxia and Melos.

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Like all the other Greek islands, it contains striking and magnificent ruins of antiquity.

CERIGO, or CYTHERA, lies southeast of the Morea, and is about 50 miles in circumference chiefly remarkable for being the favorite residence of Venus.

SANTORIN is one of the most southern islands in the Archipelago Though seemingly covered with pumice stones, yet through the industry of the inhabitants, who are about 10,000, it produces barley and wine, with some wheat. One third of the people are of the Latin church, and subject to a Catholic bishop. Near this island another arose of the same name, from the bottom of the sea, in 1707. At the time of its birth there was an earthquake, attended with dreadful lightnings and thunders, and boilings of the sea for several days, so that when it arose out of the sea it was a mere volcano, but the burning soon ceased. It is about 200 feet above the sea; and at the time of its first emerging, was about a mile broad, and 5 miles in circumference, but it has since increased.

The famous island of RHODES is situated in 36° 20′ N. lat. about 20 miles southwest of the continent of Lesser Asia. The chief town of the same name, stands on the side of a hill fronting the sea, and is 3 miles in circumference, interspersed with gardens, minarets, churches, and towers. The harbor is the grand Signior's principal arsenal for shipping, and the place is esteemed among the strongest fortresses belonging to the Turks. The colossus of brass, which anciently stood at the mouth of the harbor, and was 50 fathoms wide, was deservedly acIt has 36,500 counted one of the wonders of the world.

inhabitants.

CANDIA, the ancient CRETE, is still renowned for its 100 cities, for its being the birth place of Jupiter, the seat of legislature to all Greece, and many other historical and It lies between 35 and 36° of N. political distinctions. latitude almost equally distant from Europe, Asia, and Africa. The famous mount Ida stands in the middle of this island.

CYPRUS lies in the Levant sea, about 30 miles distant from the coast of Syria and Palestine. It was formerly famous for the worship of Venus, the Cyprian goddess; and during the time of the crusades, was a rich, flourishing

kingdom, inhabited by Christians. It has 84,000 inhab itants.

The islands of the Ionian sea, are Sapienza, Stivali, Zante, Cephalonia, Santamaura, Corfu, Fannu, and others of smaller note.

ASIA.

Situation, Extent. THE continent of Asia is situated east of Europe, and lies between the equator and 80° of N. latitude. It is about 7583 miles in length, from the Dardanelles on the west, to the eastern shore of Taitary; and about 5250 miles in breadth, from the most southern part of Malacca, to the most northern cape of NovaZembla.

Boundaries. It is bounded by the Frozen ocean on the north; on the west it is separated from Africa by the Red sea, and from Europe by the Levant or Mediterranean, the Archipelago, the Hellespont, the sea of Marmora, the Bosphorus, the Black sea, the river Don, and a line drawn from it to the river Tobal, and from thence to the river Oby, which falls into the Frozen ocean. On the east it is bounded by the Pacific ocean, or South sea, which sepa rates it from America; and on the south by the Indian ocean; so that it is almost surrounded by the sea.

Population, Asia contains 380,098,000 inhabitants. Climate This immense tract of country stretches into all climates, from the frozen wilds of Siberia, to the sultry regions of India.

Seas, Gulfs, &c. The principal of these are the Red sea, or Arabian gulf, between Arabia and Africa, the gulf of Ormus, washing the southern coast of Persia; the Persian gulf, between Persia and Arabia; the bay of Bengal, indenting the coast of India; the inland seas of Caspian, Aral, and Baikal; and various other gulis, bays, and inlets. The Caspian sea is 630 miles long and 260 broad. It has a strong current; is subject to violent storms. waters are brackish. It abounds with fish and sea dogs,

Its

Rivers. The chief rivers of Asia are the Euphrates and Tigris, which fall into the Persian gulf; the Indus, Ganges, and Burrampooter, which empty into the Indian Ocean; the Yang-tse Kiang and Hoang-ho, which pass through China and fall into the Eastern sea; the Lenas, Oby, and Irtish, falling into the Arctic Ocean; and the Volga, which falls into the Caspian sea.

Mountains. Among the most remarkable mountains of Asia is the Altayan ridge, called the Golden Mountains, and the Girdle of the earth, extending about 5000 miles in length in the northern part of the continent, and dividing the Russian from the Chinese Tartars.

Next to the Altayan is the Uralian chain, in Siberia, forming, as far as it extends, the boundary between Europe and Asia. The mountains of Caucasus, extending from the Black sea to the Caspian, are the highest in Asia; their tops are enveloped in clouds and snow. Taurus is a chain which commences in little Caramania, and extends far into India.

General Remarks. As Asia exceeds Europe and Africa in the extent of its territories, it is also superior to them in the serenity of its air, the fertility of its soil, the deliciousness of its fruits, the fragrancy and balsamick qualities of its plants, spices and gums; the salubrity of its drugs; the quantity, variety, beauty, and value of its geins; the richness of its metals, and the fineness of its silks and cottons. It was in Asia that the ali wise Creator planted the garden of Eden, in which he formed the first man and first woman, from whom the race of mankind descended. Asia became again the nursery of the world after the deluge, whence the descendants of Noah dispersed their various colonies into almost every part of the globe. It was in Asia that God placed his once favorite people, the Hebrews, whom he enlightened by revelation delivered by the prophets, and to whom he gave the Oracles of Truth. It was here that the great and merciful work of our redemption was accomplished by his divine Son; and it was from hence that the light of his glorious gospel was carried with amazing rapidity into all the known nations by his disciples and followers. Here the first Christian churches were founded, and the Christian faith miraculously propagated and cherished even with the blood of innume