guished into Maritime and Inland; the inhabitants of the former chiefly subsist upon commerce and piracy; the latter on plunder and robbery Each division has some cities, towns, and villages, most of which are very poor, and thinly inhabited. These people are reduced to the lowest degree of misery and wretchedness, through the cruel exactions of the government, or the frequent depre

dations of the Arabs.

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The government, religion, laws, and customs of this kingdom are the same with those of Algiers and Tunis. The revenues arise chiefly from their corsairs, which sel dom exceed seven or eight, and of these only one can properly be styled a ship; the rest are small galleys, poorly manned and equipped.

Their commerce chiefly consists in slaves, either such as are taken by their corsairs, or such as they traffic for with their neighbors; the greatest part of both they send into Turkey, where they can dispose of them to the best advantage.

One circumstance in the conduct of this regency, deserves notice; they are more scrupulous observers of their treaties with other nations than any of their neighbors which punctuality, whether it proceeds from real probity, or a consciousness of their own weakness, is nevertheless of no small advantage to navigation and commerce.

TRIPOLI, the capital, retains but few traces of its ancient splender; the houses are low and mean, and the streets narrow, dirty, and irregular: there are, however, some monuments still standing, which evince its former magnificence; particularly a triumphal arch, one half of which now lies buried in the sand.

The country around is adorned with a multiplicity of handsome villas, cultivated chiefly by Christian slaves.

BARCA, the ancient Lybia, lies between Tripoli and Egypt, and is governed by a sangiac, dependent on the bashaw of Tripoli. The climate is very unequal; along the coasts the land is fertile and well peopled, but the in terior is sterile and desert. Through this dreary, and inhospitable region, so fatal to Cambyses and his followers, our gallant countryman, General Eaton, during the late hostilities with Tripoli, led a small, but intrepid band of troops to the attack of Derne. They left Egypt in the

beginning of April, 1805, crossed the desert of Barca, and after encountering excessive hardships and fatigue, arriv ed before Derne, on the frontiers of Tripoli, which they took by storm on the 27th of the same month; attacked and put to route the army of the Bashaw, sent to oppose their progress; and contributed most effectually, to com pel that insolent power to enter into an immediate treaty of peace with the United States; by which a great num ber of Americans, then prisoners at Tripoli, were restored to freedom and their country.

Here was the temple of Jupiter Ammon, so difficult of access on account of the burning sands.

AFRICAN ISLANDS.

AT the mouth of the Red sea lies the island of Zocotra, belonging to the Arabs. It is a populous and plentiful country, and particularly noted for aloes.

MADAGASCAR is separated from the continent by a channel, called the channel of Mosambique. This island is 800 miles long, 150 broad, divided into 28 provinces, and watered by some considerable rivers. Its population is estimated at 4,000,000, who are Arabs and negroes.

The country produces oxen, skeep, goats, and cotton in abundance. Ebony, gum guttae, cucumbers, peas, beans, barley rice, and citrons, are plenty. Cardaman plants, banana, and orange trees flourish. Rock crystals, copper silver, gold, iron, and precious stones are found here. A great variety of ornamental plants, of fruit trees, and valuable timber, grow on this island.

PORTO SANTO, is a small island, about 20 miles in com pass, in lat. 32 55 N. and 125 leagues W. of cape Blan co; discovered and possessed by the Portuguese. It has one good harbor, safe from all winds but the S. W., Heré the India ships usually stop to refit, both going and returning. The island is inhabited by Portuguese, is very rich, and produces wheat and maize, cattle, wild boars,

and rabbits. Dragon's blood, honey, wax, and fish, are exported.

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MADEIRA. The form of Madeira is a triangle, 150 miles in circuit, lying in lat. 3230 N. and lon 16 50 W. 120 leagues W. of cape Cantin. It is divided into 2 provinces The Portuguese discovered it in 1431. The population is said to amount to 70,000. The forces are 150 infantry, and 2000 militia. Funchal, the capital, is in a valley, on the S. coast. The harbor is defended by several batteries, and a castle. The town is divided into 6 parishes, and contains 6 convents, as many churches, and about 15,000 inhabitants, consisting of Portuguese, French, English, Irish, mulattoes, and blacks. The principal merchants are English and Irish catholics, though the island belongs to Portugal. The climate is agreeable, and the soil very fertile. The chief exports are Madeira wine, 20,000 hogsheads, and sweet meats. Every species of tropical fruit grows to perfection.

The CANARIES, belonging to the Spaniards, are famous for Canary wine. The ancients called them the Fortunate Isles. They are 10 or 12 in number; the chief are Great Canary, Teneriffe, Gomera and Ferro. Teneriffe is much encumbered with mountains. The peak is an ascent in the form of a sugar loaf, 15 miles in circumference, and 13,265 feet high. It is a volcano.

The climate is temperate and mild. The soil is generally fertile. The articles of culture are the vine, sugarcane, cotton, wheat, barley, and rice. All the islands are well supplied with cattle.

CAPE VERD ISLANDS. These are a cluster of islands, 130 leagues W. of Cape Verd, between lat. 16 and 18 N. The principal are St. Anthony, St. Vincent, St. Nicholas, Bonavista, and St. Jago. They have long belonged to the Portuguese. The inhabitants of all are said to amount to 100,000. By long residence, ard by intermixture, they have become nearly of the negro complexion and features. The manufactures of leather and salt form the principal riches. The soil is indifferent. Tropical fruits

abound.

GOREE. This is a close to the coast, S.

little island, two miles in circuit, of Cape Verd. The Dutch planted

it in 1617. The French drove them out in 1677, and were lately driven out by the English.

FERNANDO Po is about 30 leagues in circuit, in lat. 3 20 N. and lon. 10 45 E. near the coast of Benin. It belongs to Spain, is high, has a fertile soil, and produces manioc, sugar, rice, fruits, and tobacco.

PRINCE'S ISLAND lies directly S. of the former, in lat. 1 31 N. 20 leagues in circuit. The town on the N. coast has a good harbor, and contains 200 houses. The soil is good, and the produce like that of Fernando Po. It be longs to Spain.

ST. THOMAS is about 20 leagues in circuit, and lies a little W. of S. from Prince's island, directly under the equator, and about 50 leagues N. W. by W. from cape Lopez. It was discovered and settled by the Portuguese, in 1460, and made a sort of Botany Bay for the heroes of the Lisbon Old Bailey. These are now amalgamated with the negroes.

ANNABON is a high, mountainous, and fertile island, about 6 leagues in circuit, in latitude 1° 45' south, 80 leagues from cape Lopez. It was settled by the Portuguese, and is said now to belong to Spain.

ST. MATTHEW. The Portuguese discovered it in 1516, and soon after settled it. It lies in lat. 1 45 S:

ASCENSION. Lat. 7 56 30 S. lon. 14 22 31 W. is 10 miles long and 5 or 6 broad. It is barren and desolate, but abounds with turtle.

ST. HELENA is a beautiful island, 20 miles in circumference, belonging to the English East India Company. It has some high mountains, particularly one called Di. ana's Peak, which is covered with wood to the very top. The number of inhabitants does not exceed 2000, including near 500 soldiers and 600 slaves, who are supplied. with all sorts of manufactures by the company's ships in return for refreshments. It lies between the continents of Africa and South-America, about 1200 miles west of the former, and 1800 east of the latter, lon. 5 49 west, lat. 15 55 south.

BOURBON is 60 miles long, and 40 broad, 370 miles E. from Madagascar. The island is difficult of access. St. Denis is the principal port. It has lately been taken by the English. Its first inhabitants were pirates, who

planted themselves here in 1657. The island has now, according to St. Pierze. 60,000 blacks, and 5000 other inhabitants; lon. 55 30 E. lat. 20 52 S.

MAURITIUS, 150 miles in circumference, lies E. N. E. of Bourbon, and 400 miles E. of Madagascar, was discoered and settled by the Dutch, in 1398, and relinquished in 1710. The French took possession soon after, and re tained it till 1810, when it was taken by the English. The climate is healthy; but the soil not very fertile.

There are many mountains, some of which are so high, that their tops are covered with snow: They produce the best ebony in the world. The valleys are well watered with rivers, and are made very productive of cultivation, of which indigo is the principal object. The town and harbor are called Port Louis, and are strongly fortified but in the hurricane months, the harbor cannot afford shelter for more than 8 vessels.

The number of inhabitants on the island exclusive of the military, is 8000 whites, and 12,000 blacks.

COMORA ISLANDS, a cluster of islands in the Indian ocean, between the coast of Zangucbar and the N. part of the island of Madagascar, They are 4 in number, viz. Johanna, Mayotta, Mohilla, and Comora, which last is 6 leagues long and 3 wide, and gives its name to the group. It has no safe harbors. Its high mountains are richly covered with verdure and fruit trees, and give rise to numerous fertilizing streams, on which are many beautiful cascades. The valleys between the mountains are extensive, and in richness and beauty are exceeded by none in the world. These islands produce rice, peas, yams, Indian corn, purslain, cocoa nuts, plantains, oranges, lemons, citrons, limes, pine apples, cucumbers, tamarinds, sugar canes, and honey.

The AZORES, or WESTERN ISLES, lie about midway between the two continents, in about 37 degrees north lati tude. They are nine in number, Tercera, St. Michael, Fayal, Gratiosa, St. George, Pico, Corvo, Flores, and St. Maloes, fertile in corn, and wine, and a variety of fruits The climate is remarkably salubrious. It is said that no poisonous or noxious animal can live on the Azores.