Guidelines for Drinking-water QualityThis Addendum to the second edition of the Guidelines for drinking-water quality contains reviews of a number of pathogens that occur widely in water - Aeromonas and Legionella spp., Vibrio cholerae, enteric hepatitis viruses, and protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora spp.). These review documents supersede, and are more comprehensive than, those previously published in Volumes 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. Unlike the analogous chemical reviews in the Guidelines, the microbiological review documents do not conclude with "safe" or "tolerable" exposure levels for the pathogens. The microbiological quality of drinking-water can vary rapidly and widely, and even brief exposures to pathogens may have serious health consequences. Analytical techniques for recognized pathogens may be time-consuming and complex, and are not always available, and knowledge of the identity of waterborne pathogens is in any case incomplete. The microbiological reviews therefore summarize current knowledge of transmission, attenuation, and removal of the individual pathogens, and of the effectiveness of measures for interrupting transmission. |
Common terms and phrases
Aeromonas hydrophila American Water animal antibodies antigen Applied and Environmental bacteria biofilms Breiman RF caviae chlorine cholerae O1 concentrations contamination Craun Cryp cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium and Giardia Cryptosporidium oocysts Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora Cyclospora sp cysts detection developed diarrhoea disinfection distribution systems drinking-water supplies efficiency El Tor environment Environmental Microbiology epidemic Epidemiology faecal filter filtration Fricker CR gene genus Giardia cysts Giardia intestinalis giardiasis Grabow hepatitis A virus hepatitis E hospital human Hygiene immune inactivation infection Infectious Diseases intestinal isolated Journal of Infectious Journal of Medical laboratory LeChevallier Legionella pneumophila legionellosis Legionnaires disease Lymbery Medema membrane mesophilic methods monitoring oocysts ozone parasites parvum oocysts pathogens patients poliovirus protozoa recovery reported risk serogroup sewage sobria Sobsey sources status and emerging stool strains studies surface water techniques temperature tion tosporidium toxin transmission viable water quality water samples Water Science water supplies Water Works Association World Health Organization