The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second EditionDuring the past decade there has been an explosion in computation and information technology. With it have come vast amounts of data in a variety of fields such as medicine, biology, finance, and marketing. The challenge of understanding these data has led to the development of new tools in the field of statistics, and spawned new areas such as data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Many of these tools have common underpinnings but are often expressed with different terminology. This book describes the important ideas in these areas in a common conceptual framework. While the approach is statistical, the emphasis is on concepts rather than mathematics. Many examples are given, with a liberal use of color graphics. It is a valuable resource for statisticians and anyone interested in data mining in science or industry. The book's coverage is broad, from supervised learning (prediction) to unsupervised learning. The many topics include neural networks, support vector machines, classification trees and boosting---the first comprehensive treatment of this topic in any book. This major new edition features many topics not covered in the original, including graphical models, random forests, ensemble methods, least angle regression & path algorithms for the lasso, non-negative matrix factorization, and spectral clustering. There is also a chapter on methods for ``wide'' data (p bigger than n), including multiple testing and false discovery rates. Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman are professors of statistics at Stanford University. They are prominent researchers in this area: Hastie and Tibshirani developed generalized additive models and wrote a popular book of that title. Hastie co-developed much of the statistical modeling software and environment in R/S-PLUS and invented principal curves and surfaces. Tibshirani proposed the lasso and is co-author of the very successful An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Friedman is the co-inventor of many data-mining tools including CART, MARS, projection pursuit and gradient boosting. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 75
... Curves and Surfaces . . . . . . . . 534 14.5.1 Principal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 14.5.2 Principal Curves and Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . 541 14.5.3 Spectral Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 14.5.4 ...
... curves for the simulation example used in Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. A single training sample of size 200 was used, and a test sample of size 10,000. The orange curves are test and the blue are training error for k-nearest-neighbor ...
... both of which have the form Y = f(X) + æ, X uniform as before, and e o N(0, 1). The sample size is N = 500. For the orange curve, f(a) Expected Prediction Error of 1NN vs. OLS 1 . 2. 26 2. Overview of Supervised Learning.
... curve, f(x) = x1 + 1)3. , while for the blue curve f(x) = 12(x 1 is linear in the first coordinate, for the blue curve, cubic as in Figure 2.8. Shown is the relative EPE of 1-nearest neighbor to least squares, which appears to start at ...
... curve (red lower boundary in Figure 3.5) is necessarily decreasing, so cannot be used to select the subset size k. The question of how to choose k involves the tradeoff between bias and variance, along with the more subjective desire ...
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
43 | |
4 Linear Methods for Classification | 100 |
5 Basis Expansions and Regularization | 139 |
6 Kernel Smoothing Methods | 190 |
7 Model Assessment and Selection | 219 |
8 Model Inference and Averaging | 261 |
12 Support Vector Machines and Flexible Discriminants | 417 |
13 Prototype Methods and NearestNeighbors | 459 |
14 Unsupervised Learning | 485 |
15 Random Forests | 586 |
16 Ensemble Learning | 605 |
17 Undirected Graphical Models | 625 |
p N | 649 |
References | 699 |
9 Additive Models Trees and Related Methods | 295 |
10 Boosting and Additive Trees | 337 |
11 Neural Networks | 388 |
Author Index | 729 |
Index | 737 |