The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second EditionDuring the past decade there has been an explosion in computation and information technology. With it have come vast amounts of data in a variety of fields such as medicine, biology, finance, and marketing. The challenge of understanding these data has led to the development of new tools in the field of statistics, and spawned new areas such as data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Many of these tools have common underpinnings but are often expressed with different terminology. This book describes the important ideas in these areas in a common conceptual framework. While the approach is statistical, the emphasis is on concepts rather than mathematics. Many examples are given, with a liberal use of color graphics. It is a valuable resource for statisticians and anyone interested in data mining in science or industry. The book's coverage is broad, from supervised learning (prediction) to unsupervised learning. The many topics include neural networks, support vector machines, classification trees and boosting---the first comprehensive treatment of this topic in any book. This major new edition features many topics not covered in the original, including graphical models, random forests, ensemble methods, least angle regression & path algorithms for the lasso, non-negative matrix factorization, and spectral clustering. There is also a chapter on methods for ``wide'' data (p bigger than n), including multiple testing and false discovery rates. Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman are professors of statistics at Stanford University. They are prominent researchers in this area: Hastie and Tibshirani developed generalized additive models and wrote a popular book of that title. Hastie co-developed much of the statistical modeling software and environment in R/S-PLUS and invented principal curves and surfaces. Tibshirani proposed the lasso and is co-author of the very successful An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Friedman is the co-inventor of many data-mining tools including CART, MARS, projection pursuit and gradient boosting. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 91
... Variance Tradeoff. . . . . . . . . . . . 158 5.6 Nonparametric Logistic Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5.7 Multidimensional Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 5.8 Regularization and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert ...
... Variance and Model Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 The Bias–Variance Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.1 Example: Bias–Variance Tradeoff . . . . . . . . 7.4 Optimism of the Training Error Rate . . . . . . . . . . . 228 ...
... variance and potentially high bias. On the other hand, the k-nearest-neighbor procedures do not appear to rely on any stringent assumptions about the underlying data, and can adapt to any situation. However, any particular subregion of ...
... variance of our fit. Another consequence of the sparse sampling in high dimensions is that all sample points are close to an edge of the sample. Consider N data points uniformly distributed in a p-dimensional unit ball centered at the ...
... variance and squared bias. Such a decomposition is always possible and often useful, and is known as the bias–variance decomposition. Unless the nearest neighbor is at 0, ˆy0 will be smaller than f(0) in this example, and so the average ...
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
43 | |
4 Linear Methods for Classification | 100 |
5 Basis Expansions and Regularization | 139 |
6 Kernel Smoothing Methods | 190 |
7 Model Assessment and Selection | 219 |
8 Model Inference and Averaging | 261 |
12 Support Vector Machines and Flexible Discriminants | 417 |
13 Prototype Methods and NearestNeighbors | 459 |
14 Unsupervised Learning | 485 |
15 Random Forests | 586 |
16 Ensemble Learning | 605 |
17 Undirected Graphical Models | 625 |
p N | 649 |
References | 699 |
9 Additive Models Trees and Related Methods | 295 |
10 Boosting and Additive Trees | 337 |
11 Neural Networks | 388 |
Author Index | 729 |
Index | 737 |