Introduction to Materials Science

alloy aluminum annealing atoms austenite axis behavior bonding Burgers vector calculated carbon CaSiO3 ceramic chemical coefficient component composition concentration conversion of units copper corresponding corrosion crystal structure crystalline defects determine diffraction diffusion direction dislocation line electrical electrons equation equilibrium eutectic example face-centered cubic factor FIGURE flux formation fracture free energy free-energy curves given glass grain boundaries growth heat increase initial interface ions layer liquid phase magnetic martensite materials matrix melting metal microscope microstructure Mole fraction molecule N/m² nucleation occurs orientation oxide particles peritectic phase diagram phonons plastic deformation polymers Prob produced reaction reciprocal lattice recrystallization region Schematic illustration shown in Fig shows silicon SiO2 Sketch slip plane solid phase solid solution solidification specimen ẞ phase steel strain stress surface T₁ temperature tensile thermal tion transformation typical unit usually vacancies valence vapor vector volume x-ray