Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction ModelingThis book provides a comprehensive overview of reaction processes in the Earth's crust and on its surface, both in the laboratory and in the field. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by a large number of fully worked examples. The book uses The Geochemist's Workbench® modeling software, developed by the author and already installed at over 1000 universities and research facilities worldwide. Since publication of the first edition, the field of reaction modeling has continued to grow and find increasingly broad application. In particular, the description of microbial activity, surface chemistry, and redox chemistry within reaction models has become broader and more rigorous. These areas are covered in detail in this new edition, which was originally published in 2007. This text is written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of geochemistry, environmental engineering, contaminant hydrology, geomicrobiology, and numerical modeling. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 30
Page viii
... brine 97 7 ་ Redox disequilibrium 103 7.1 Redox potentials in natural waters 103 7.2 Redox coupling 105 7.3 Morro do Ferro groundwater 107 7.4 Energy available for microbial respiration 110 8 Activity coefficients 115 8.1 Debye - Hückel ...
... brine 97 7 ་ Redox disequilibrium 103 7.1 Redox potentials in natural waters 103 7.2 Redox coupling 105 7.3 Morro do Ferro groundwater 107 7.4 Energy available for microbial respiration 110 8 Activity coefficients 115 8.1 Debye - Hückel ...
Page xvii
... of the injection wells at Marshall , Illinois . Rachida Bouhlila provided analyses of the brines at Sebkhat El Melah , Tunisia . Amy Berger helped me write Chapter 10 ( Surface Complexation Preface to first edition xvii.
... of the injection wells at Marshall , Illinois . Rachida Bouhlila provided analyses of the brines at Sebkhat El Melah , Tunisia . Amy Berger helped me write Chapter 10 ( Surface Complexation Preface to first edition xvii.
Page 10
... brines appear to be in equilibrium with each other , these species are clearly out of equilibrium with methane . To model such a system , the modeler can decouple redox pairs such as HCO3 - CH4 ( e.g. , Wolery , 1983 ) , denying the ...
... brines appear to be in equilibrium with each other , these species are clearly out of equilibrium with methane . To model such a system , the modeler can decouple redox pairs such as HCO3 - CH4 ( e.g. , Wolery , 1983 ) , denying the ...
Page 25
... brines . These equations have their own limitations , however , as discussed in Chapter 8 . • Do the kinetic rate constants and rate laws apply well to the system being studied ? Using kinetic rate laws to describe the dissolution and ...
... brines . These equations have their own limitations , however , as discussed in Chapter 8 . • Do the kinetic rate constants and rate laws apply well to the system being studied ? Using kinetic rate laws to describe the dissolution and ...
Page 31
... brines, cations and anions occur so close together that the degree of com- plexing among ions, and hence the extent of a species in solution, is difficult to determine. Keeping in mind the unlikeliness of arriving at a completely ...
... brines, cations and anions occur so close together that the degree of com- plexing among ions, and hence the extent of a species in solution, is difficult to determine. Keeping in mind the unlikeliness of arriving at a completely ...
Contents
7 | |
29 | |
Solving for the equilibrium state | 53 |
Changing the basis | 71 |
6 | 73 |
7 | 101 |
8 | 111 |
Sorption and ion exchange | 137 |
Reactive transport | 301 |
Hydrothermal fluids | 319 |
Geothermometry | 341 |
Evaporation | 357 |
Sediment diagenesis | 373 |
Kinetics of waterrock interaction | 387 |
Weathering | 405 |
Oxidation and reduction | 415 |
10 | 155 |
11 | 166 |
12 | 181 |
Mass transfer | 193 |
Polythermal fixed and sliding paths | 201 |
Geochemical buffers | 217 |
Kinetics of dissolution and precipitation | 231 |
Redox kinetics | 245 |
Microbial kinetics | 257 |
Stable isotopes | 269 |
Transport in flowing groundwater | 285 |
Waste injection wells | 427 |
Petroleum reservoirs | 435 |
Acid drainage | 449 |
Contamination and remediation | 461 |
Microbial communities | 471 |
Sources of modeling software | 485 |
Evaluating the HMW activity model | 491 |
Minerals in the LLNL database | 499 |
Nonlinear rate laws | 507 |
Index | 536 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity coefficients albite anhydrite aqueous species aquifer assume basis species Bethke brine buffer Ca++ CaCC CaCO3 calcite calculation results carbonate CaSO4 CH3COO Chapter chemical CO2 fugacity component composition concentration cont’d contains Cosmochimica Acta cristobalite dispersion dissolution dissolved dolomite electron equilibrium constant example Fe++ ferric fluid fluorite formation free cm3 fugacity geochemical modeling geochemistry Geochimica et Cosmochimica governing equations groundwater groundwater flow HCO3 hematite hydrothermal initial ionic strength isotopic iteration kaolinite kinetic methanogens mg/kg Mg++ microbial minerals molal mole numbers muscovite NaCl oxidation oxygen precipitate predicted procedure produce pyrite quartz rate constant rate law rate_con react reactant reaction modeling reaction path reactive transport redox reactions saturation seawater sediment silica simulation SiO2 SiO2(aq solution sorbing sorption step sulfate sulfide supersaturated surface complexation swap temperature thermodynamic tridymite umolal undersaturated
Popular passages
Page 379 - ... present day because erosion has reduced the elevation of the basin's western margin. Paleohydrologic models calculated for the basin (Lee and Bethke, 1994) suggest that in the Eocene groundwater flowed eastward through the Lyons at an estimated discharge of about 1 m/yr. Flow in the Pennsylvania!! Fountain formation, a sandstone aquifer that underlies the Lyons and is separated from it by an aquitard complex, was more restricted because the formation grades into less permeable dolomites and evaporites...