Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction ModelingThis book provides a comprehensive overview of reaction processes in the Earth's crust and on its surface, both in the laboratory and in the field. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by a large number of fully worked examples. The book uses The Geochemist's Workbench® modeling software, developed by the author and already installed at over 1000 universities and research facilities worldwide. Since publication of the first edition, the field of reaction modeling has continued to grow and find increasingly broad application. In particular, the description of microbial activity, surface chemistry, and redox chemistry within reaction models has become broader and more rigorous. These areas are covered in detail in this new edition, which was originally published in 2007. This text is written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of geochemistry, environmental engineering, contaminant hydrology, geomicrobiology, and numerical modeling. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 84
Page xi
... dissolved metals 456 32 Contamination and remediation 461 32.1 Contamination with inorganic lead 462 32.2 Groundwater chromatography 468 33 Microbial communities 471 33.1 Arsenate reduction by Bacillus arsenicoselenatis 33.2 Zoning in ...
... dissolved metals 456 32 Contamination and remediation 461 32.1 Contamination with inorganic lead 462 32.2 Groundwater chromatography 468 33 Microbial communities 471 33.1 Arsenate reduction by Bacillus arsenicoselenatis 33.2 Zoning in ...
Page 1
... dissolved mass is distributed among aqueous species, and to understand how such waters will react with minerals, gases, and fluids of the Earth's crust and hydrosphere. We can readily undertake such tasks when they involve simple ...
... dissolved mass is distributed among aqueous species, and to understand how such waters will react with minerals, gases, and fluids of the Earth's crust and hydrosphere. We can readily undertake such tasks when they involve simple ...
Page 9
... dissolved species in a sample of river water, if the water is not supersaturated with respect to any mineral. Geochemical models can be conceptualized in terms of certain false equilibrium states (Barton et al., 1963; Helgeson, 1968). A ...
... dissolved species in a sample of river water, if the water is not supersaturated with respect to any mineral. Geochemical models can be conceptualized in terms of certain false equilibrium states (Barton et al., 1963; Helgeson, 1968). A ...
Page 10
... dissolved in a fluid may be in partial equilibrium , as well . Many redox reactions equilibrate slowly in natural waters ( e.g. , Lindberg and Runnells , 1984 ) . The oxidation of methane CH4 ( aq ) + 2 O2 ( aq ) → HCO3 + H + + H2O ...
... dissolved in a fluid may be in partial equilibrium , as well . Many redox reactions equilibrate slowly in natural waters ( e.g. , Lindberg and Runnells , 1984 ) . The oxidation of methane CH4 ( aq ) + 2 O2 ( aq ) → HCO3 + H + + H2O ...
Page 11
... dissolved in the fluid, such as NaC or HCO3 , as determined by chemical analysis, and The activities of a species ... dissolve as others precipitate, the model determines the stable mineral assemblage and corresponding fluid composition ...
... dissolved in the fluid, such as NaC or HCO3 , as determined by chemical analysis, and The activities of a species ... dissolve as others precipitate, the model determines the stable mineral assemblage and corresponding fluid composition ...
Contents
7 | |
29 | |
Solving for the equilibrium state | 53 |
Changing the basis | 71 |
6 | 73 |
7 | 101 |
8 | 111 |
Sorption and ion exchange | 137 |
Reactive transport | 301 |
Hydrothermal fluids | 319 |
Geothermometry | 341 |
Evaporation | 357 |
Sediment diagenesis | 373 |
Kinetics of waterrock interaction | 387 |
Weathering | 405 |
Oxidation and reduction | 415 |
10 | 155 |
11 | 166 |
12 | 181 |
Mass transfer | 193 |
Polythermal fixed and sliding paths | 201 |
Geochemical buffers | 217 |
Kinetics of dissolution and precipitation | 231 |
Redox kinetics | 245 |
Microbial kinetics | 257 |
Stable isotopes | 269 |
Transport in flowing groundwater | 285 |
Waste injection wells | 427 |
Petroleum reservoirs | 435 |
Acid drainage | 449 |
Contamination and remediation | 461 |
Microbial communities | 471 |
Sources of modeling software | 485 |
Evaluating the HMW activity model | 491 |
Minerals in the LLNL database | 499 |
Nonlinear rate laws | 507 |
Index | 536 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity coefficients albite anhydrite aqueous species aquifer assume basis species Bethke brine buffer Ca++ CaCC CaCO3 calcite calculation results carbonate CaSO4 CH3COO Chapter chemical CO2 fugacity component composition concentration cont’d contains Cosmochimica Acta cristobalite dispersion dissolution dissolved dolomite electron equilibrium constant example Fe++ ferric fluid fluorite formation free cm3 fugacity geochemical modeling geochemistry Geochimica et Cosmochimica governing equations groundwater groundwater flow HCO3 hematite hydrothermal initial ionic strength isotopic iteration kaolinite kinetic methanogens mg/kg Mg++ microbial minerals molal mole numbers muscovite NaCl oxidation oxygen precipitate predicted procedure produce pyrite quartz rate constant rate law rate_con react reactant reaction modeling reaction path reactive transport redox reactions saturation seawater sediment silica simulation SiO2 SiO2(aq solution sorbing sorption step sulfate sulfide supersaturated surface complexation swap temperature thermodynamic tridymite umolal undersaturated
Popular passages
Page 379 - ... present day because erosion has reduced the elevation of the basin's western margin. Paleohydrologic models calculated for the basin (Lee and Bethke, 1994) suggest that in the Eocene groundwater flowed eastward through the Lyons at an estimated discharge of about 1 m/yr. Flow in the Pennsylvania!! Fountain formation, a sandstone aquifer that underlies the Lyons and is separated from it by an aquitard complex, was more restricted because the formation grades into less permeable dolomites and evaporites...