Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction ModelingThis book provides a comprehensive overview of reaction processes in the Earth's crust and on its surface, both in the laboratory and in the field. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by a large number of fully worked examples. The book uses The Geochemist's Workbench® modeling software, developed by the author and already installed at over 1000 universities and research facilities worldwide. Since publication of the first edition, the field of reaction modeling has continued to grow and find increasingly broad application. In particular, the description of microbial activity, surface chemistry, and redox chemistry within reaction models has become broader and more rigorous. These areas are covered in detail in this new edition, which was originally published in 2007. This text is written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of geochemistry, environmental engineering, contaminant hydrology, geomicrobiology, and numerical modeling. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 33
Page x
... Hydrothermal fluids 319 22.1 Origin of a fluorite deposit 320 22.2 Black smokers 325 22.3 Energy available to thermophiles 331 23 Geothermometry 341 23.1 Principles of geothermometry 342 23.2 Hot spring at Hveravik , Iceland 347 23.3 ...
... Hydrothermal fluids 319 22.1 Origin of a fluorite deposit 320 22.2 Black smokers 325 22.3 Energy available to thermophiles 331 23 Geothermometry 341 23.1 Principles of geothermometry 342 23.2 Hot spring at Hveravik , Iceland 347 23.3 ...
Page 1
... hydrothermal alteration, explore for ore deposits, determine which contam- inants will migrate from mine tailings and toxic waste sites, predict scaling in geothermal wells and the outcome of steam-flooding oil reservoirs, solve kinetic ...
... hydrothermal alteration, explore for ore deposits, determine which contam- inants will migrate from mine tailings and toxic waste sites, predict scaling in geothermal wells and the outcome of steam-flooding oil reservoirs, solve kinetic ...
Page 2
... hydrothermal experiment without spending time and money conducting it, test a chemical stimulant for an oil reservoir without risking damage to the oil field, or help evaluate the effectiveness of a scheme to immobilize contaminants ...
... hydrothermal experiment without spending time and money conducting it, test a chemical stimulant for an oil reservoir without risking damage to the oil field, or help evaluate the effectiveness of a scheme to immobilize contaminants ...
Page 4
... hydrothermal alteration, and ore deposition. Two conceptual improvements have been made since this early work. First, Helgeson et al. (1970) posed the reaction path problem as the solution to a sys- tem of ordinary differential ...
... hydrothermal alteration, and ore deposition. Two conceptual improvements have been made since this early work. First, Helgeson et al. (1970) posed the reaction path problem as the solution to a sys- tem of ordinary differential ...
Page 13
... hydrothermal experiment is sam- pled at 300 ° C and analyzed at room temperature . To reconstruct the fluid's pH at high temperature , the calculation equilibrates the fluid at 25 ° C and then carries it as a closed system to the ...
... hydrothermal experiment is sam- pled at 300 ° C and analyzed at room temperature . To reconstruct the fluid's pH at high temperature , the calculation equilibrates the fluid at 25 ° C and then carries it as a closed system to the ...
Contents
7 | |
29 | |
Solving for the equilibrium state | 53 |
Changing the basis | 71 |
6 | 73 |
7 | 101 |
8 | 111 |
Sorption and ion exchange | 137 |
Reactive transport | 301 |
Hydrothermal fluids | 319 |
Geothermometry | 341 |
Evaporation | 357 |
Sediment diagenesis | 373 |
Kinetics of waterrock interaction | 387 |
Weathering | 405 |
Oxidation and reduction | 415 |
10 | 155 |
11 | 166 |
12 | 181 |
Mass transfer | 193 |
Polythermal fixed and sliding paths | 201 |
Geochemical buffers | 217 |
Kinetics of dissolution and precipitation | 231 |
Redox kinetics | 245 |
Microbial kinetics | 257 |
Stable isotopes | 269 |
Transport in flowing groundwater | 285 |
Waste injection wells | 427 |
Petroleum reservoirs | 435 |
Acid drainage | 449 |
Contamination and remediation | 461 |
Microbial communities | 471 |
Sources of modeling software | 485 |
Evaluating the HMW activity model | 491 |
Minerals in the LLNL database | 499 |
Nonlinear rate laws | 507 |
Index | 536 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity coefficients albite anhydrite aqueous species aquifer assume basis species Bethke brine buffer Ca++ CaCC CaCO3 calcite calculation results carbonate CaSO4 CH3COO Chapter chemical CO2 fugacity component composition concentration cont’d contains Cosmochimica Acta cristobalite dispersion dissolution dissolved dolomite electron equilibrium constant example Fe++ ferric fluid fluorite formation free cm3 fugacity geochemical modeling geochemistry Geochimica et Cosmochimica governing equations groundwater groundwater flow HCO3 hematite hydrothermal initial ionic strength isotopic iteration kaolinite kinetic methanogens mg/kg Mg++ microbial minerals molal mole numbers muscovite NaCl oxidation oxygen precipitate predicted procedure produce pyrite quartz rate constant rate law rate_con react reactant reaction modeling reaction path reactive transport redox reactions saturation seawater sediment silica simulation SiO2 SiO2(aq solution sorbing sorption step sulfate sulfide supersaturated surface complexation swap temperature thermodynamic tridymite umolal undersaturated
Popular passages
Page 379 - ... present day because erosion has reduced the elevation of the basin's western margin. Paleohydrologic models calculated for the basin (Lee and Bethke, 1994) suggest that in the Eocene groundwater flowed eastward through the Lyons at an estimated discharge of about 1 m/yr. Flow in the Pennsylvania!! Fountain formation, a sandstone aquifer that underlies the Lyons and is separated from it by an aquitard complex, was more restricted because the formation grades into less permeable dolomites and evaporites...